Category: Delegations

Delegates representing Friends of Socialist China from Britain and the US were invited by the International Department of the Communist Party of China (CPC) for an 11-day educational exchange on the topics of building people-to-people relations between China and the rest of the world and building an ecological civilisation.

Fourth dialogue on exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations

Visiting Dunhuang in Gansu Province, delegates took part in the Fourth Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning Among Civilisations, an international conference which aimed at expanding China’s Global Civilisational Initiative, an organisation aiming to promote mutual respect among different civilisations.

The conference began with an opening address by Han Zheng, the Vice-President of the People’s Republic of China, followed by addresses from representatives of Laos, Nepal, Botswana and others, before the delegates from over 60 countries took part in meetings and cultural events. The speakers highlighted the need to respect, share and learn from each other’s varied cultures, acknowledging that cultural exchange and not cultural isolation enhances cultural value.

Between 25 May and 5 June, the China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE), working in coordination with Friends of Socialist China, hosted an international delegation to three regions of China: Shaanxi province, Gansu province, and Shanghai.

The delegation included members of Friends of Socialist China, the Progressive International, the Black Alliance for Peace, Freedom Road Socialist Organization, the Communist Party of Britain, the Young Communist League – Britain, the Black Liberation Alliance, Workers World, Bronx Anti-War, and others.

Delegates attended the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning Among Civilisations, and visited a range of historic revolutionary sites, museums, and state-owned firms to witness and deliberate the rapid development made possible by the enduring project of Chinese socialism.

This report was prepared collectively by the participating organizations.

Overview

The delegation’s 10-day journey through China traced a remarkable arc of transformation — from the humble beginnings of revolutionary struggle to the latest achievements of contemporary socialist construction. The visit followed the Communist Party of China’s (CPC) evolution from a group of thirteen participants meeting in a small Shanghai room in 1921 to a governing force that has fundamentally reshaped not only the world’s most populous nation — but also the world beyond it.

The trip began with a journey from Xi’an to Yan’an — a quick trip by express train that less than a century ago would have taken days of travel along dangerous and ragged mountain roads. Yan’an is a cradle of Chinese socialism. It is where the Red Army concluded its heroic Long March in 1936. Here, living in yaodong cave dwellings and equipped with rudimentary arms and thin cotton uniforms, the fighters of the CPC crafted their victory over Japan, while Mao Zedong penned some of his most notable theoretical works in a simple mud-brick house.

The wide rift between these austere conditions — all just one lifetime ago — and the achievements of Chinese modernization today remained a theme throughout the visit. This gap illustrated the profound scale of China’s revolutionary transformation. In Yan’an, the delegation saw where the building blocks of Chinese socialism were laid. Here, the modern CPC developed its ideological foundations, established institutions like the Party School, and developed the prototypes for the first institutions of the socialist state.

The thread connecting revolutionary struggle to China’s contemporary advancements became clear as the delegation visited Gansu province, a vast region — among China’s poorest — between Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. In Jiayuguan, a former desert outpost transformed into China’s fourteenth-largest steel producer, the delegation witnessed how strategic planning could reshape entire regions. The remote desert town, established in 1958 around around the Jiuquan Iron and Steel Corporation (JISCO), came to underpin a remarkable process of high-quality development that continues to this day. Delegates noted how the level of development in the city — with its clean streets, modern infrastructure, high-quality public housing, and abundant parks — easily surpassed that seen in most towns in the United States and United Kingdom.

In Gansu province, the delegation also witnessed the critical advancements in China’s green technology. The Dunhuang Molten Salt Tower plant, featuring 12,000 heliostats channeling desert sunlight into a groundbreaking technology that liquifies salt, enables solar power to continue generating electricity even at nighttime. The AI-powered Smart Grid and Localised New Energy Consumption Demonstration Project, developed by JISCO to manage energy distribution within Jiayuguan, has enabled decreasing energy consumption even as living standards and industrial outputs increased — an achievement of decoupling energy use from growth that many experts in the West have longed deemed impossible.

The delegation concluded its trip in Shanghai, where the CPC held its 1st National Congress. The contrast between the the modest room where thirteen revolutionaries held that first meeting and the sprawling metropolis outside it speaks to the scale of the transformation that China has seen in just a little over a century since the CPC was established. Delegates were impressed by the visible quality of that development — one that prioritizes the common good rather than individual profit, and builds cities that are green, affordable, walkable, and livable, in stark contrast to many of the cities that the delegation travelled from in their home countries. China offers a model of development that is attractive to people around the world, and demonstrates the continued vitality of socialist construction in the 21st century.

As a teacher from Jiayuguan told the delegation: “China not only learned from the experiences of the Soviet Union. China saved socialism. Looking at what has been achieved, I am satisfied, and I am proud.”

The second Friends of Socialist China delegation to the People’s Republic of China took place from 26 May to 5 June 2025.

Invited by the China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE), which works under the direction of the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (IDCPC), 15 comrades (nine from Britain and six from the United States) visited Xi’an and Yan’an (Shaanxi province), Dunhuang and Jiayuguan (Gansu province) and Shanghai. The delegates attended the 4th Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning among Civilisations, as well as participating in discussions and visiting a range of historic revolutionary sites, museums, famous scenic spots, cooperatives, as well as demonstrations of cutting edge technology.

Celebrating revolutionary heritage

On 28 May, the delegation travelled by train from Xi’an to Yan’an, the quintessential ‘Red Tourism’ destination that was the centre of the Chinese Revolution between 1936 and 1948 – where the leadership and army were based, where the largest and most important pre-liberation revolutionary base area was set up, where much of the theoretical work of the revolution was done, and where Mao Zedong Thought was officially adopted by the party. Classic works of Mao Zedong such as On Practice, On Contradiction, On Protracted War, and On New Democracy were written there, based on extensive study and discussion, and synthesising the lessons of the movement’s experience up to that point with the existing theory of Marxism-Leninism.

We visited the caves where Mao, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi and others lived and worked for over a decade, and where legendary foreign friends such as Edgar Snow, Norman Bethune, Anna Louise Strong and Agnes Smedley visited. We also visited the building where the 7th National Congress of the CPC was held, from 23 April to 11 June 1945 – a crucial event setting out the strategy for the final phase of the struggle against Japanese occupation and for the pursuit of New Democracy.

We toured the beautiful Yan’an Revolutionary Memorial Hall, first opened in 1951, displaying 1,300 revolutionary cultural relics and telling the whole story of China’s struggle for liberation. The last agenda item for the day was an inspiring lecture and discussion with a representative of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CPC.

Several days later, in Shanghai’s former French Concession, we were taken on a guided tour of the Site of the First National Congress of the CPC. The museum at the site includes powerful exhibits telling the story of why and how the CPC was established. Incidentally, last year’s delegation visited the Red Boat in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, where the First Congress moved to in order to avoid the attention of the French Concession police.

Red Tourism is hugely popular in China. Important sites connected with the history of the Chinese Revolution are extremely well preserved and managed, and they attract large volumes of visitors from around the country. This type of tourism plays an important role promoting an understanding of China’s revolutionary history and connecting younger people in particular to the generations that made extraordinary sacrifices in order that China could stand up, assert its sovereignty, build socialism and become a force for good in the world. This feeds in to a widespread confidence and belief in socialism, which unites the Chinese people and forms a line of defence against the imperialist powers’ pernicious anti-communist propaganda.

Promoting civilisational exchange

On 30 May, our delegation attended the opening session of the Fourth Dialogue on Exchanges and Mutual Learning Among Civilisations, in Dunhuang, Gansu province. Moderated by Liu Jianchao, Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee (IDCPC), the session featured a keynote speech by Vice President Han Zheng, plus addresses from Dithapelo Keorapetse (Speaker of the National Assembly of the Republic of Botswana), Ji Bingxuan (Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress), Sommad Pholsena (Vice President of the National Assembly of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic), Hu Changsheng (Secretary of the CPC Gansu Provincial Committee) and Bidya Devi Bhandari (former President of Nepal).

A chance quip by a comrade during a discussion on Chinese food one evening stimulated my reflection on the world that had opened up to me before my participation in the 2024 Friends of Socialist China (FoSC) delegation had even been confirmed. For around five years I had been attending online events organised by groups such as No Cold War Britain, the International Manifesto Group, and Friends of Socialist China, where I took inspiration to begin researching Chinese revolutionary history, economics, and Marxist theory. As a child of “The Troubles” in the North of Ireland, as it’s euphemistically known, I was a latecomer to Marxism as a mature student at university in my late thirties. The subsequent new focus on China led me to embrace a world of possibilities that would sit much more comfortably with my working-class experience and global south allegiances.

Reading from many sources, old and new, from Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping, I began to formulate a tentative overview of the historical and contemporary Chinese experience, particularly from the time of China’s defeat to the British in the first Opium War in 1840, which ushered in the ‘century of humiliation’. Around this time in Ireland, Britain’s bloody footprint continued to be stamped on the colonised population, as an Gorta Mór (The Great Hunger) was set to ravage the country with devastating consequences still felt to this day as the outcome. Back in China, the crumbling dynastic society was violently exploited and reduced to extreme poverty by foreign invaders, mainly from the industrialised countries of the West and Japan, which ultimately sowed the seeds for the Civil War from 1945-49, which saw the defeated nationalists of the Guomindang retreat from mainland China to Taiwan. Bear in mind that China’s average life expectancy pre 1949 was just 36 years. Thus, the ‘century of humiliation’ left a deep scar on the population’s psyche.

Yet, in all the darkness there shone a glimmering of hope as the embers of something new began to spark. The second half of the century of humiliation witnessed the introduction of Marxism into Chinese Society, spearheaded by ‍Li Dazhao, which then led to the formation of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921. Mao Zedong, famed for his ability to relay Marxism to the masses by writing in simple and accessible terms,wrote in 1937:

“We must use Marxism, which is positive in spirit, to overcome liberalism, which is negative. A Communist should have largeness of mind and he should be staunch and active, looking upon the interests of the revolution as his very life and subordinating his personal interests to those of the revolution; always and everywhere he should adhere to principle and wage a tireless struggle against all incorrect ideas and actions, so as to consolidate the collective life of the Party and strengthen the ties between the Party and masses…” 

As a result, armed with Marxist theory, inspired by the Russian revolution, Mao Zedong built a revolutionary movement, and despite the odds and impoverished conditions secured victory. A new dawn had broken as the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was declared on 1 October 1949 which set the country on the road to development based on scientific socialism.

We must remember though that China is much more than the last two centuries. In the formidable words of Victor Gao, China is a 5000-year-old civilisational fact. This bears contemporary relevance for those so-called human rights defenders engaging in scurrilous anti-China talking points emanating from destabilising sources in the West, as it reveals that China’s borders have remained largely the same during this long, sometimes turbulent history, with some differentiation in those alleged “disputed territories”, such as Xinjiang, Tibet, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. According to Kishore Mahbubani, there are ‘some hard political realities that cannot be changed’ in China by any leader,and the territorial integrity of the country is one of them. Rather than regurgitating flippant and ignorant remarks about China, people in the West should be mindful that humanity needs engagement, not more estrangement during what appears the decaying stage of American Hegemony.

The contrast between the Chinese and Irish experiences of the 20^th century is stark. In Ireland, when an already dying James Connolly was carried on a stretcher, tied to a chair, and executed by the barbarous British for his heroic part in the Easter Uprising of 1916, it is said that Ireland’s chances of a Socialist Republic died too. Without Connolly’s Marxism and indomitable voice, an unfulfilled void was left in Ireland, which was soon to see an undemocratic partition in the north of the country which became the Protestant-dominated Northern Ireland. In the post 1949 years, Catholic Ireland in the south was to totally embrace the “red scare” of anti-communism. By the time Deng Xiaoping’s Reform and Opening Up got underway in 1978, Northern Ireland was witnessing another bloody year of conflict, as the British government was found guilty by the European Court of Human Rights for ‘inhuman and degrading treatment’ of innocent people snatched from their homes by the British army and interrogated in 1971. At this point, the Good Friday Agreement, which would give parity of rights to all citizens in the gerrymandered statelet, was still 20 years away.

This is some of the historical baggage that I was carrying prior to landing in Beijing on Sunday 14 April, although I tried to leave as much of it as I could back in London, in order to approach this delegation with a true open mind. The delegation was made up of 14 people of various ages, experiences, and backgrounds, coming from Ireland, Britain, and the US, but expanding more globally in their origins. For many of us this was our first time in China.

We were met at the airport by our three Chinese representatives from CNIE (China NGO Network for International Exchanges) Ma Jingjing, Xu Luning, and Liu Huihui, who, along with many other people during our stay, played an invaluable role in keeping us on schedule and in the right place during our 10 days in China. I think it is fair to say that by the time that our stay in China came to an end our three hosts had become comrades due to our mutual respect and shared values.