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Author: Friends of Socialist China

An improving China-India relationship serves the common interests of both countries and the region

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM), India’s largest communist party, opened its 24th Congress on April 2, 2025, in the historic Tamil Nadu city of Madurai.

The party’s English language weekly newspaper People’s Democracy carried the text of the messages of greetings from the ruling communist parties in the socialist countries of China, Cuba, Vietnam, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Laos. The party’s website also carried the congratulatory messages received from more than 30 fraternal parties throughout the world.

In its greetings, the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (IDCPC) said that: “As an important Left force in India with a century-long history, the CPI(M) has long been committed to advancing economic and social progress of India.  We believe that the Congress will serve as an opportunity for the CPI(M) to achieve new development and make contributions to promoting regional prosperity and progress.

“An improving China-India relationship serves the common interests of both countries and the region. The CPC and the CPI(M) have long maintained friendly exchanges, which has played a significant role for facilitating mutual understanding and practical cooperation between our two sides. Under the new circumstances, the CPC stands ready to strengthen exchanges and strategic communication as well as experience sharing of party and state governance with the CPI(M) and other Indian political parties.”

The opening session of the Congress was also addressed by the leaders of the Communist Party of India, the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation, the All-India Forward Bloc and the Revolutionary Socialist Party.

MK Stalin, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party addressed a special seminar at the Congress.  Earlier, he had announced the installation of a statue of Karl Marx in the state capital Chennai, in a show of solidarity with the Left. “Half of the DMK flag is red! You are part of us,” he said. “The bond between the Dravidian movement and the communist movement is an ideological friendship. I have come to this conference as a symbol of that bond.”

Stalin recalled how his father and former chief minister M. Karunanidhi identified himself as a communist:

“The relationship between the Dravidian and communist movements began, when Thanthai Periyar translated the Communist Manifesto into Tamil and published it… I, named Stalin, announced in the assembly that a statue of world-renowned genius Karl Marx will be erected in Chennai.”

The following article was originally published in People’s Democracy.

Messages of greetings from fraternal parties

COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA (CPC)

18 March 2025, Beijing

Dear Comrades,

Delighted to learn that the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) will convene its 24th Party Congress, the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) wishes to extend our warmest congratulations to you and wishes the Congress a complete success.

As an important Left force in India with a century-long history, the CPI(M) has long been committed to advancing economic and social progress of India.  We believe that the Congress will serve as an opportunity for the CPI(M) to achieve new development and make contributions to promoting regional prosperity and progress.

The international landscape and world order are now in a new round of transformation.  An improving China-India relationship serves the common interests of both countries and the region. The CPC and the CPI(M) have long maintained friendly exchanges, which has played a significant role for facilitating mutual understanding and practical cooperation between our two sides. Under the new circumstances, the CPC stands ready to strengthen exchanges and strategic communication as well as experience sharing of party and state governance with the CPI(M) and other Indian political parties, so as to promote  continued progress of China-India relations as well as peace and stability of the region. 

International Department

Central Committee

Communist Party of China

Message of Greeting from Communist Party of Cuba

Havana, March 31, 2025

ON behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, I extend my warmest congratulations to the Communist Party of India (Marxist) on the occasion of its 24th Congress.

We wish you success at this important Party event and are convinced that the elected leadership will continue the legacy of our beloved Comrade Sitaram Yechury, a dear friend of the Cuban Revolution and staunch defender of just causes.

The Communist Party of Cuba appreciates the ongoing support that the CPI(M) has provided to the struggle against the economic, commercial, and financial blockade imposed by the United States government and against the inclusion of our country on the unilateral list of states that allegedly sponsor terrorism.

At the same time, we reaffirm our firm commitment to continue strengthening the bonds of friendship and cooperation between both Party organisations.

Please accept my highest consideration and esteem.

Emilio Lozada García

Head of the International Relations Department

COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIET NAM (CPV)

Dear comrades,

On the occasion of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) convening from April 2 to 6, 2025, the Communist Party of Viet Nam would like to convey warmest congratulations. 

Over the past years, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) has always championed for strengthening the solidarity of the Left movement, making many important contributions to the struggle to protect the people’s livelihood, democracy and legitimate rights of the working people and minority communities.

We believe that the important resolutions adopted at the 24th  Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) would envision concrete directions and goals to help enhance your Party’s position and influence in the Indian politics, and make positive and significant contributions to the cause of building a peaceful, unified, democratic and prosperous India. 

May the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) be a resounding success.

May the traditional friendship and excellent cooperation between our two Parties, the peoples of Viet Nam and India as well as between the State of Kerala and provinces of Viet Nam be further consolidated and flourish.

With best regards,

The Central Committee

The Communist Party of Viet Nam

WORKERS’ PARTY OF KOREA (DPRK)

Pyongyang, April 2, 2025

24th Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Madurai.

The Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea extends its hearty congratulations to the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and through the Congress, also sends its warm and comradely greetings to the entire members of your Party.

We believe the 24th Congress of your Party will be an important occasion setting the new milestone in strengthening the Party’s organisational base and mass foundation.

Expressing our conviction that the long-standing friendship and cooperation between our two Parties would further develop in the future, we sincerely wish your Party Congress great success.

Central Committee Workers’ Party of Korea

LAO PEOPLE’S REVOLUTIONARY PARTY

12 March 2025

Dear Comrades,

On the occasion of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), on behalf of Lao People’s Revolutionary Party Central Committee, party members and Lao people, we would like to express our warm congratulations and best wishes to the delegates of Congress and through the delegates to party members and the entire Indian people. 

The Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) will be held amidst the regional and international situation continuing to be more chaotic and complicated.  This Congress is an important political event for the Communist Party of India (Marxist), to usher its unstoppable growth.  We are confident that the resolution of the Congress and various important documents adopted by the Congress will give a direction for the Party in the coming years to contribute to the mission of building and developing India and bringing prosperity to the Indian people as well as to continuously raising the role and influence of the party in the political arena in India.

May the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) gloriously succeed.

May the friendly relations between the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) be further enhanced for the benefit of Lao and Indian peoples as well as for the mission of building peace, friendship and cooperation for development in the region and the world at large.

Lao People’s Revolutionary Party Central Committee

New Red Scare: House reps lead attack on Chinese students

The following article by Tasfia Jahangir and Miles Wetherington, originally published in Liberation News, describes the rising McCarthyism in the US, in particular the red-scare narrative around Chinese students and scientists.

The authors note that John Moolenaar, a Michigan Republican who chairs the House Select Committee on the CPC, has sent letters to six US universities, including Stanford, demanding that they provide detailed information about their entire Chinese student populations, saying that the student visa system has become a “Trojan horse” and implying that “any Chinese national studying in a STEM field — especially those working in key research areas like AI, semiconductors, or aerospace — is potentially a spy”. At the same time, lawmakers have introduced a “Stop Chinese Communist Visas Act”, seeking to block visas for Chinese students studying in the US, on supposed national security grounds.

Hostility towards Chinese students and scientists is bipartisan, and has been trending upwards for years, under both the Trump and Biden administrations. The authors note that this escalation “also fits into a broader pattern of repression targeting international students. Indian students — the largest international group — have been told to ‘self-deport’ for campus activism, while students like Mahmoud Khalil, Rumeysa Ozturk and Momodou Taal have faced repression for opposing the genocide in Palestine.”

The focus on Chinese academics in particular is “part of the US strategy of containment, encirclement and suppression on China”. The US ruling class seeks to win public support for the New Cold War, painting China as a threat to the US and the world. Such a portrayal is becoming increasing untenable:

US officials try to demonise China as if it is on the warpath, but it is the United States that poses the greatest threat to world peace. In the last 30 years alone, the United States has launched 251 military interventions across the globe. In stark contrast, China has eradicated extreme poverty for more than 850 million people, and managed to overcome the legacy of colonialism and underdevelopment by reaching a level of moderate prosperity all while upholding the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.

Ultimately this revival of reds-under-the-bed hysteria will only serve to fuel racism and xenophobia, and to further poison US-China relations. What’s more, it “actively sabotages the kind of international cooperation needed to confront global crises”. Ironically, it will also provide a boost for China’s domestic innovation, as top Chinese students will opt to study at home rather than face an increasingly hostile and dangerous environment in the US.

The authors conclude:

Collaboration between the US and China — two of the largest research and innovation hubs in the world — could offer humanity an opportunity to solve the pressing crises of our time: pandemics, climate change, AI ethics and more. But to those in power, shared progress is a threat. It undermines the need for endless militarisation, sanctions and rivalry. It challenges the US ruling class’ worldview based on zero-sum competition and global hegemony.

On March 19, U.S. Representative John Moolenaar, Chairman of the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party, sent a letter to six American universities demanding that they provide detailed personal, academic, and financial information about Chinese international students in STEM fields. Disguised as a routine inquiry into national security, the letter levies sweeping accusations. It claims that Chinese students “jeopardize” U.S. technological leadership, and labels the American student visa system as a “Trojan horse” for these students to steal intellectual property on behalf of the Chinese government. On top of this, the House also recently introduced the STOP CCP VISAs Act, a bill that, if passed, would ban student visas for all Chinese national students.

We must oppose this vilification of Chinese students and recognize it for what it is — an attack on global science.

The war on Chinese students is a war on global science

The Select Committee on the CCP letter and STOP CCP VISAs Act are part of a decade-long bipartisan campaign to surveil, vilify and push out Chinese researchers and students from American institutions. Under both Trump and Biden administrations, we’ve witnessed countless attacks on Chinese scholars and scientists based solely on their national origin — federal investigations with no evidence, layoffs, cancelled visas, and partnerships dismantled under political pressure. 

Moolenaar’s letter escalates this campaign by implying that any Chinese national studying in a STEM field — especially those working in key research areas like AI, semiconductors, or aerospace — is potentially a spy. It makes absurd and xenophobic claims, such as the idea that the mere act of returning to China after graduation should be treated with suspicion. This logic dehumanizes thousands of students as geopolitical pawns rather than what they are: workers, researchers and colleagues striving to build a better future.

Continue reading New Red Scare: House reps lead attack on Chinese students

Vietnam preparing for grand celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the Great Spring Victory

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is currently preparing for grand celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the Great Spring Victory of April 30. On this day in 1975, Vietnamese revolutionary forces liberated Saigon, now Ho Chi Minh City. This epochal event was a stunning victory over US imperialism after long years of revolutionary war, struggle, suffering and sacrifice. It marked the liberation of the whole country, and the national reunification longed for by late President Ho Chi Minh. The entire Vietnamese nation was now able to embark on the long road of building socialism. This victory was also an immense contribution to the global struggle for peace, national liberation and socialism.

As part of its preparations to celebrate the great victory, on April 1, Vietnam’s Ministry of National Defence announced that it would soon send official invitations to leaders of its Chinese, Lao and Cambodian counterparts to attend a ceremony celebrating the 50th anniversary and to send their military personnel to join the commemorative military and civilian parade.

Meeting the defence attachés of the three nations, Deputy Minister of National Defence Senior Lieutenant General Hoang Xuan Chien said that Vietnam is ramping up preparations for this important political event. The country always remembers the support for its revolutionary cause from international friends, particularly China, Laos, and Cambodia, he affirmed.

The Deputy Minister noted that the Vietnamese defence ministry is looking forward to the participation of the three counterparts, which would contribute to the celebration’s overall success and demonstrate solidarity and friendship between Vietnam and its three neighbouring countries.

The following article was originally published by the Vietnamese newspaper Nhân Dân.

The Ministry of National Defence is set to soon send official invitations to leaders of its Chinese, Lao and Cambodian counterparts to attend a ceremony celebrating the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the South and national reunification (April 30, 1975 – 2025) and to send their military personnel to join commemorative military and civilian parade.

Deputy Minister of National Defence Senior Lieutenant General Hoang Xuan Chien unveiled the information while receiving defence attachés of the three countries in Hanoi on April 1 morning.

He told the officers that Vietnam is ramping up preparations for this important political event. The country always remembers support for its revolutionary cause from international friends, particularly China, Laos, and Cambodia, Chien affirmed.

The Deputy Minister noted that the Vietnamese defence ministry is looking forward to the participation of the three counterparts, which would contribute to the celebration’s overall success and demonstrate solidarity and friendship between Vietnam and its three neighbouring countries.

In recent years, Vietnam has increasingly promoted defence cooperation with the three nations across fields, notably in delegation exchanges, military training and collaboration, and border defence friendship exchange.

The defence attachés said that they will promptly report to their respective authorities and provide relevant recommendations to advance the initiatives outlined by the deputy minister.

Khamtay Siphandone, former President of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, passes away

A pioneer and hero of the Lao revolution, Khamtay Siphandone, former President of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (LPDR) and former Chairman of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP), passed away in the capital Vientiane on April 2, at the age of 101.

In a message sent the same day to his Lao counterpart Thongloun Sisoulith, Chinese President Xi Jinping was reported by the Xinhua News Agency as extending profound condolences and sincere sympathies, hailing Comrade Khamtay as a steadfast communist, outstanding leader of the older generation of the Lao party and state, and close comrade and friend of the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people, who will always cherish his memory.

Noting that China and Laos are socialist neighbours linked by the same mountains and rivers, Xi said the two countries are not only good neighbours, but also good friends, good comrades and good partners.

His message was also reported by the KPL Lao News Agency.

The newspaper Laotian Times reported that Khamtay was born into a poor family in 1924. He plunged into the movement for national liberation against French colonial rule in the immediate aftermath of World War II and became a founder member of the LPRP in 1955.

Laos has declared a period of national mourning until April 7.

On April 3, the leaders of the LPRP gathered to pay their respects to the late President. General Secretary and State President Thongloun Sisoulith stated: “Comrade General Khamtay was a courageous and outstanding revolutionary and national leader who dedicated his life to the cause of national liberation, protection, and development, contributing to the prosperity of the Lao nation… His name will remain eternally intertwined with the revolutionary cause of our Party.”

General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam To Lam visited Laos to express condolences. Meeting with Thongloun Sisoulith, he stressed that the loss of Comrade Khamtay is not only a great sorrow for Laos but also for Vietnam, as he was a cherished comrade and close friend who stood side by side with Vietnam in their shared struggles. He reaffirmed Vietnam’s commitment to further strengthening the great friendship, special solidarity, and comprehensive cooperation between the two countries.

Sonexay Siphandone, the son of Khamtay, who currently serves as the Prime Minister of Laos, expressed sincere gratitude to Lam and the Vietnamese delegation, noting that they were the first to come to Laos to offer condolences to the Lao Party and State, and the late leader’s family. This gesture, he noted, reflects the deep bond and affection for their beloved father, a great leader of the Lao party, state, and people.

To Lam described Khamtay as an eminent figure of the first generation of Lao revolutionaries, who played a pivotal role in building the Lao revolution, leading the national democratic revolution, and safeguarding and developing the country. He was also a pioneer in implementing the LPRP’s comprehensive renewal policy, and a loyal, close and steadfast friend of Vietnam who stood shoulder to shoulder with the Vietnamese people through their struggles for national protection and nation building. His passing is a great loss to the party, state, and people of both Laos and Vietnam.

To honour Khamtay’s contributions, Lam announced that the Vietnamese party and state have decided to observe two days of national mourning.

Lam and the Lao leaders reflected on Khamtay’s illustrious revolutionary career, which began with his involvement in the Indochinese Communist Party. They underscored his close ties to the Vietnamese revolution and his strong relationships with Vietnam’s senior revolutionary leaders, describing these as vivid manifestations of the rare unbreakable and loyal relationship between the parties, states, and revolutionary causes of both nations.

The Lao leaders affirmed that future generations of Lao leaders will continue to work alongside their Vietnamese counterparts to nurture the special friendship and solidarity between Vietnam and Laos, built and nurtured by President Ho Chi Minh, President Kaysone Phomvihane, President Souphanouvong, and other leaders of both countries.

The following articles were originally published by the Xinhua News Agency, the KPL Lao News Agency, Nhân Dân and the Laotian Times.

Xi extends condolences over passing of Laos’ former president

BEIJING, April 3 (Xinhua) — Chinese President Xi Jinping on Wednesday sent a message to Lao President Thongloun Sisoulith, extending his deep condolences over the passing of Khamtay Siphandone, former president of Laos and former chairman of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP).

Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, extended profound condolences to the LPRP, the Lao government and people over the passing of Khamtay Siphandone, and expressed sincere sympathies to his family on behalf of the CPC, the Chinese government and people, and in his own name.

Continue reading Khamtay Siphandone, former President of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, passes away

Hong Kong team participates in 2025 Kabaddi World Cup

A small but significant step in sports diplomacy and people-to-people friendship between China and India was marked by the participation of Hong Kong China in the 2025 Kabaddi World Cup, which was held from March 17-23, 2025.

Kabaddi originated in India some 4-5,000 years ago. It is a contact sport between two teams on opposite halves of a field or court where individuals take turns to chase and try to touch members of the opposing team without being captured by them. The name is derived from the Tamil word “Kai-pidi,” which means “holding hands.” It is the second most popular and viewed sport in India after cricket and is particularly popular in Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat. It is also the national sport of Bangladesh and is widely played in Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and elsewhere in South Asia. In all, it is currently estimated to be played in some 50 countries and has been an official sport at the Asian Games since 1990.

This year’s World Cup was also significant for being the first to be held outside Asia. Games were played in the cities of Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Coventry and Walsall in England’s West Midlands region. The previous World Cup was held in Melaka, Malaysia.

Bhupinder Gakhal, a City of Wolverhampton Council cabinet member for resident services, welcomed the tournament: “This is a proud moment for our city. We aim to use the World Cup to introduce kabaddi to more schools, colleges, and universities across the West Midlands, inspiring our young population to be more active.”

Hosted by World Kabaddi and delivered by the British Kabaddi League (BKL) on behalf the England Kabaddi Association, and sponsored by the Irish sports betting company Paddy Power, the key objectives of the World Cup included:

  • Promoting diverse cultures and bringing communities together through Kabaddi.
  • Celebrating the sporting heritage of black minority ethnic (BAME) communities.
  • Encouraging physical activity and exercise among minority ethnic groups.
  • Delivering coaching and learning programs for local schools through Kabaddi.

A total of 16 national teams were expected to participate, but this was reduced to 10 due to visa and other issues.

With the Hong Kong Kabaddi Association of China having just been founded in 2018, their teams were unsurprisingly not ranked among the favourites.

Playing in Group B, on March 18, the men’s team lost 49-68 to Wales, 21-73 to India on March 19, and 28-70 to Scotland on March 20. Also on March 20, they defeated Italy, 53-50.  They lost 23-89 to England in the Quarter Finals.

The Women’s team fared better, advancing to the semi-finals. On March 17, they defeated Hungary 73-20 and lost 39-45 to England on March 19. They lost 15-53 to India in the semi-final. In the match to decide third place, they defeated Wales 75-14.

We embed below a short video clip where a member of the women’s team reacts to taking third place in the tournament and a detailed interview from four years ago with Wai-man (Wyman) Tang, the key founder of organized kabaddi in Hong Kong on what inspired him and his hopes for the sport’s development in China’s special administrative region.

You can read more about the Hong Kong Kabaddi Federation here.

CODEPINK China Is Not Our Enemy book club discussion with Carlos Martinez

On 10 March 2025, the CODEPINK China Is Not Our Enemy book club hosted Friends of Socialist China co-editor Carlos Martinez for a discussion about The East is Still Red, which was the first book the group read together. The video of the session is embedded below.

The video starts with a 10 minute introduction by Carlos, explaining the key motivations for writing the book: to challenge the New Cold War propaganda against China; and to build understanding of Chinese socialism and counter the notion that China has “gone capitalist”.

The presentation is followed by a wide-ranging discussion about common prosperity, China’s foreign relations, China’s democratic processes, its management of the Covid-19 pandemic, and its actions around preventing climate breakdown.

The video was first posted on the CODEPINK YouTube channel.

The East is Still Red can be purchased in paperback and electronic formats from the Praxis Press website.

China-DPRK friendship will continue to strengthen and develop

The following article, which was originally published on the website of the Foreign Ministry of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), on March 25, 2025, recalls the seventh anniversary of the first visit to China by the country’s top leader Kim Jong Un at the invitation of Xi Jinping, March 25-28, 2018.

It notes that Xi Jinping, “organised a special luncheon at Yangyuanzhai of the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, the very place where President Kim Il Sung had shared friendly feelings with the preceding leaders of China and strengthened friendly ties with Comrade Kim Jong Un in a family atmosphere.”

Xi Jinping said that the traditional China-DPRK friendship is a unique one forged by blood, and it provides the two parties and the peoples of the two countries with happiness.

For his part, Kim Jong Un expressed his will to develop onto a new higher level the DPRK-China friendly relationship which was formed in the course of the sacred joint struggle for the socialist cause and which has maintained its original character despite all ordeals of history.

Seven years ago from now, respected Comrade Kim Jong Un, General Secretary of the Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) and President of the State Affairs of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), made his first historic visit to China from March 25 to 28, 2018, on invitation by Comrade Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and President of the People’s Republic of China.

During the period, Comrade Xi Jinping, who received respected Comrade Kim Jong Un as the most important state guest, accorded cordial hospitality with utmost sincerity. He organized a special luncheon at Yangyuanzhai of the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, the very place where President Kim Il Sung had shared friendly feelings with the preceding leaders of China, and strengthened friendly ties with Comrade Kim Jong Un in a family atmosphere.

In his speech made at a grand banquet arranged in welcome of respected Comrade Kim Jong Un’s visit to China, Comrade Xi Jinping said that the traditional China-DPRK friendship is a unique one forged by blood, and it provides the two Parties and the peoples of the two countries with happiness, just as a luxuriant tree with deep roots and a never-drying spring. He also underlined the need for both sides to value, safeguard and glorify the friendship – the precious asset common to the two countries.

Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un, in turn, warmly congratulated Comrade Xi Jinping on his re-election as the president of the state. He expressed the steadfast will of the WPK and the DPRK government to develop onto a new higher level the DPRK-China friendly relationship which was formed in the course of the sacred joint struggle for the socialist cause and which has maintained its original character despite all ordeals of history, true to the noble intentions of the preceding leaders.

The first historic visit to China made by respected Comrade Kim Jong Un opened a brilliant chapter in the chronicles of the DPRK-China friendship. It served as a noteworthy event which provided a radical milestone in expanding and developing onto a new higher platform the time-honored friendly relations shared by the DPRK and China.

Thanks to the wise leadership of the leaders of the two Parties and the two countries, the traditional relations of friendship and cooperation between the DPRK and China will continue to strengthen and develop in the course for accomplishment of the common cause for dynamically promoting socialist construction, providing the peoples of the two countries with material well-being and safeguarding global peace and regional security.

The growing popularity of Indian cinema in China

In the following article, which was originally published by UK-China Film Collab, Asma Waheed looks at the abiding popularity of Indian cinema in China despite the ups and downs of the countries’ bilateral political relations over the decades.

Asma notes that while there has rightly been much attention paid to East-West cinematic exchange, “it is equally important to examine East-East cinematic exchange – in this case, the relationship between Indian and Chinese cinema… Bollywood’s popularity in China provides a real threat to Hollywood’s once-held monopoly in the global film market. But the story of Bollywood in China is not confined to the 21st century – instead it spans across to the 1950s, a time where both countries had undergone monumental change.”

The beginnings of Indian film success in China date from the 1951 film Awaara, or Liulangzhe (流浪者). Directed, produced and starring Raj Kapoor, a legendary icon in Indian film, the story follows the life of a young man, Raj, as he becomes entangled in a life of crime. A mainstay of the Golden Age of Indian cinema, in its exploration of themes such as destiny, justice, and morality, Awaara became a symbol of new nation-building in a post-independence India.

In an act of cultural exchange and diplomacy, the Indian People’s Theatre Association brought Awaara to China in 1955. Such was its popularity that even Chairman Mao was said to be a great fan of the film and its title song, Awaara Hoon. (The Indian People’s Theatre Association [IPTA] is the oldest association of theatre artists in India. It was formed in 1943 and promoted themes related to the Indian freedom struggle against British colonial rule. Communist leaders such as PC Joshi, General Secretary of the Communist Party of India [CPI], and Sajjad Zaheer, General Secretary of the Progressive Writers’ Association, were instrumental in its formation. It remains the cultural wing of the CPI.)

Today, a key inheritor of this legacy is Aamir Khan, famed for his 2001 anti-colonial cricketing epic Lagaan. Asma notes that:

“In the surveys and research regarding South Asian and East Asian film relationships, a primary reason for why audiences enjoyed Aamir Khan’s film and other Indian films was the shared cultural values. This may be surprising to some, but in Yanyan Hong’s research, it found that Indian film movie-goers were attracted to the film’s engagement with social issues relevant to both Indian and Chinese societies.”

She concludes: “The status of Indian cinema in China has shifted with the political climate, enjoying bouts of immense popularity before falling out of favour, only to reemerge years later. The nature of the film industry is such that it has become a vehicle for cultural diplomacy – whether Indian cinema will see another spike of interest in China remains undecided, but their relationship serves as a clear example of how good storytelling resonates across borders, adapting to the unique landscapes of each country and society. More importantly, it showcases the shared nature of human experiences across different cultures and highlights the similarity across seemingly different people.”

As the world grows more globalised in the 21st century, the impacts on the film industry are undeniable.

China emerged as one of the world’s largest box office markets, with over 90,000 cinema screens in the country, and Korean director Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite made history as the Oscars. Fuelled by diasporic communities mainly in the US and UK, Bollywood too continues to garner attraction across the globe. It is certain that the film industries of South and East Asian countries are driving their soft-power transnationally, evident in Korea’s Hallyu Wave growing from a regional trend in East Asia to now a tsunami sweeping across the globe.

There has rightly been much attention on the East-West cinematic exchange, and it is long overdue that Asian cinema has received praise in Hollywood institutions. However to better understand cinema in a global context, it is equally important to examine East-East cinematic exchange— in this case, the relationship between Indian and Chinese cinema.

In this essay series, I will explore the evolving and dynamic relationships between South Asian cinema and two markets— China and the UK. As a country with a considerable South Asian population, the UK presents an interesting case for understanding the reach of Bollywood beyond the subcontinent. Meanwhile, as two of the world’s most sizeable economics, India and China’s film industries offer a fascinating and important case study of cross-border cultural exchange in a globalised world.

In many people’s minds, Indian cinema— especially Bollywood[1]— is a genre full to rhetorical brim with melodramatic narrative, musical sequences, and grand dance numbers. But it is the unique and emotional storytelling that struck a chord with Chinese audiences, leading to major commercial success— indeed, Bollywood’s popularity in China provides a real threat to Hollywood’s once-held monopoly in the global film market.[2] But the story of Bollywood in China is not confined to the 21st century— instead it spans across to the 1950s, a time where both countries had undergone monumental change.

Continue reading The growing popularity of Indian cinema in China

JD Vance admits West wants Global South trapped at bottom of value chain

In the following article, that was originally published on his Substack, Geopolitical Economy, Ben Norton draws attention to a recent speech by US Vice President JD Vance on globalisation that  made it clear that Washington’s goal is to keep formerly colonised countries in the Global South trapped at the bottom of the global value chain.

Ben outlines how Vance acknowledged that the US-led West wants to maintain a strict international division of labour, in which poor countries in the periphery produce low value-added goods while the rich nations in the core extract exorbitant monopoly rents. Vance made these remarks at a gathering, called the American Dynamism Summit, that was organised by the Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.

Ben goes on to note that Vance is a China hawk who has scapegoated Beijing for the many economic problems in the US, demonising it as “the biggest threat to our country”. After Donald Trump selected Vance to be his running mate in the 2024 presidential election campaign, Vance pledged that they would end the war in Ukraine, not because they wanted peace for peace’s sake, but rather to prioritise containing China.

In his speech at the American Dynamism Summit, Vance said that: “The idea of globalisation was that rich countries would move further up the value chain, while the poor countries made the simpler things.”

Having referenced the Chinese city of Shenzhen, he continued: “But I think we got it wrong. It turns out that the geographies that do the manufacturing get awfully good at the designing of things.

As Ben notes, in these comments, the US vice president inadvertently acknowledged that the fundamental thesis of the dependency theorists in the 1960s was indeed correct. “The rich countries in the core of the world-system (mostly in the Global North) seek to trap the poor, formerly colonised nations in the periphery (mostly in the Global South) in a cycle of dependency on the core’s high value-added products, through monopolistic control of advanced technologies.”

US Vice President JD Vance gave a speech about globalization that made it clear that Washington’s goal is to keep formerly colonized countries in the Global South trapped at the bottom of the global value chain.

Vance acknowledged that the US-led West wants to maintain a strict international division of labor, in which poor countries in the periphery produce low value-added goods (with lots of competition and therefore low profits), whereas the rich nations in the core extract exorbitant monopoly rents through their control over high value-added technologies (with little to no competition, reinforced by strict intellectual property rights).

Silicon Valley prepares for war with China

The US vice president made these remarks at a summit that was organized by the Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. This annual meeting in Washington, DC is called the American Dynamism Summit, and it brings together corporate executives and US government officials to facilitate contracts.

One of their main priorities is preparing for war with China. Andreessen Horowitz promotes 50 US companies that it says are “shaping the fight of the future”, outlining a scenario of a hypothetical 2027 war with China over Taiwan.

Vance is a China hawk who has scapegoated Beijing for the many economic problems in the US, demonizing it as “the biggest threat to our country”.

After Donald Trump selected Vance to be his running mate in the 2024 campaign, Vance pledged that they would end the war in Ukraine, not because they wanted peace for peace’s sake, but rather to prioritize containing China. The US will “bring this thing to a rapid close so America can focus on the real issue, which is China”, Vance told Fox News, claiming, “That’s the biggest threat to our country and we are completely distracted from it”.

Continue reading JD Vance admits West wants Global South trapped at bottom of value chain

China’s Ecological Civilization explained

The following article by Douglas Rooney, originally published on Li Jingjing’s China Up Close blog, explores the concept of ecological civilisation in depth.

While the phrase is most often associated with President Xi Jinping – who has made it a central theme of Chinese governance – the concept has deep roots in Chinese culture, and is closely connected to the idea of harmony with nature. Doug notes: “The concept of an ‘ecological civilisation’ was first proposed by European researchers in the late 1960s. The term began to be used by Chinese academics in the 1980s and quickly gained in popularity among scientists and researchers. In the 1990s and early 2000s, prominent politicians such as Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping began to push for theories of ecological civilisation to be adopted as Chinese government policy.”

Doug explains that the concept of ecological civilisation became firmly embedded in China’s political mainstream in the 2000s, and is by now widely understood and embraced by the Chinese people. Its acceptance is partly due to its resonance with traditional culture, but also due to the way it has been linked to the country’s modernisation project and improvement of living conditions. In short, “the construction of China’s ecological civilization has created an environment in which investing in the green transition is a good way to make money… China has achieved remarkable progress on the environment by demonstrating to normal people as well as to business and community leaders that they need not choose between the environment and economic prosperity. Indeed, preserving the environment and tackling pollution can often be a route to economic prosperity.”

The results speak for themselves:

The scale of China’s green transformation in the last few decades is truly staggering. In 2023 alone, China would spend more on its green transition than the rest of the world combined and accounted for 75% of the global wind farm and the majority of solar panel installations. China’s EV batteries account for 60% of the global market. Around 40% of the world’s hydrogen refueling stations are in China, along with the world’s largest green hydrogen project and the world’s first zero-carbon factory.

Furthermore, with the Trump administration in the US pursuing a strategy of environmental recklessness, China is more critical than ever to the global green transition. “East Africa’s largest solar power plant was built by China, as was the Der Aar Wind Farm, one of South Africa’s largest. China was also behind Suriname’s hybrid microgrid solar power project, which ended rural reliance on diesel for the generation of electricity. They also helped build Brazil’s colossal Belo Monte Hydropower plant. As the United States returns to climate denial under the Trump administration, China will be the Global South’s only realistic partner in achieving a green transition that still delivers industrial development.”

Douglas Rooney is a Scottish Christian Socialist, currently working in Beijing.

In 2005, Xi Jinping, then secretary of Zhejiang Province, wrote an article in the Zhejiang Daily newspaper called “Green Mountains and Clear Waters are also Gold and Silver Mountains.” The article argued in favour of Hu Jintao’s concept of the scientific outlook of development, which emphasized the harmony between humanity and nature and underlined that while economic development was vitally important, this could not come at the expense of the environment. This would become known as the “Two Mountains Theory.”

Upon becoming president in 2012, Xi would make the “Two Mountains Theory” a cornerstone of the Chinese government’s approach to development. However, the concept underpinning his “Two Mountains Theory” – that of an ecological civilization – did not originate with Xi. Instead, his 2005 article and the green policies he has championed, first as secretary of Zhejiang and later as president of China, are part of a larger movement within Chinese society that was inspired by theories of ecological civilization coming out of the European scientific community in the 1960s and 1970s. What Xi and other leading Chinese theorists did was to fit these concepts into the Chinese context. Today, China has made the concept of an ecological civilization very much its own, and, I would argue, you cannot understand contemporary China without first understanding what China means when it talks about its ecological civilization.

Continue reading China’s Ecological Civilization explained

Video: China’s environmental strategies

Embedded below is a talk given by Friends of Socialist China co-editor Carlos Martinez at a meeting of the South Yorkshire Morning Star Supporters Group, at the Central United Reformed Church, Sheffield, Britain, on Thursday 27 March 2025.

Carlos explains why it’s not reasonable for the West to pin the blame for the environmental crisis onto China or to portray it as a climate criminal; the remarkable progress China is making on renewable energy, electric transport, biodiversity protection and afforestation; China’s role in pushing forward the global energy transition; and the dangers of the escalating New Cold War in terms of preventing urgently-needed cooperation on environmental issues.

The presentation was followed by a lively discussion and Q&A.

Film review: Sinking of the Lisbon Maru

The Chinese-made documentary film, The Sinking of the Lisbon Maru, had its UK premiere on Monday, March 17, 2025, at the Regent Street Cinema in London’s West End. The film recreates a true, but until now largely forgotten, piece of World War II history, where, on October 1, 1942, a Japanese cargo ship carrying over 1,800 British PoWs from Hong Kong to Japan was torpedoed by a US submarine off the coast of China. Left to drown by their captors, over 380 were to be rescued by Chinese fishermen.

In a review written for this website, Fiona Sim, a member of the FoSC Britain Committee, writes, with an eye to contemporary events, that “the documentary serves as an apt warning for how quickly history can be buried when it is not preserved…  [it] highlights the importance of uncovering hidden histories and fighting against the censorship of world events as they happen.”

In a short review for the Morning Star, Jenny Clegg writes: “This is a people-centred film which does not allow the shocking brutality to overpower its human message. Why has this episode remained hidden for so long, and why is China’s role as ally absent from our history books? As historian Rana Mitter puts it, it all disappeared ‘down a hole created by the cold war.’”

The documentary includes testimonies from the last two surviving PoWs and the last surviving Chinese rescuer, all of whom have since died. More than 100 relatives of the PoWs attended the March 17 premiere.

Earlier, on February 22, many of them had gathered at a reception held by the Chinese Embassy in London to commemorate the tragic incident and heroic rescue.

The embassy has organised the commemorative event every year since 2023, and this year holds special significance, not only on account of the release of the film, but particularly as it marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.

Speaking at the reception, Chinese Ambassador Zheng Zeguang said: “The heroic rescue bears important witness to China and Britain fighting side-by-side as allies against fascist aggression and has left tales of the profound friendship between our two peoples. Such friendship forged during the Second World War will never fade and has become a valuable asset in our bilateral relations.”

China Daily reported that: “In Zhoushan [where the events occurred], local people have also been passing on this history, by holding commemorative services every year, and curating a dedicated section in the local museum about the incident. Last December, a memorial in remembrance of the fishermen’s rescue of British PoWs was completed, and an official unveiling ceremony is being planned for the summer.

“For Denise Wynne, daughter of Dennis Morley, who was saved from the water and who was the last survivor still alive before his passing in 2021 [at the age of 101], the construction of a memorial in Zhoushan was her father’s final wish. ‘He said they were heroes and there should be a memorial built for the fishermen.’”

Previously, on August 26, 2022, Ambassador Zheng hand-delivered to Denise Wynne a personal letter from Xi Jinping, in reply to the letter she had sent to the Chinese President. The website of the Chinese Embassy reported at the time:

“In his letter, President Xi pointed out that the touching story of heroic fishermen from Zhoushan, Zhejiang coming to the rescue of British prisoners of war on board the Lisbon Maru in 1942 is an important testimony to China and the UK fighting shoulder to shoulder as allies against fascist aggression during World War II. It is also a historical episode epitomising the profound friendship forged between the people of our two countries. The President wrote that he knew the episode well and made a point of bringing up the story during his visit to the UK in 2015.

“Mrs. Wynne was deeply touched when she received President Xi’s letter from Ambassador Zheng. She said she was really honoured and very pleased to receive the letter which President Xi Jinping, despite his busy schedule, wrote personally after reading her letter. She recalled her late father telling the family how the Chinese fishermen, with self-sacrifice and outstanding courage, rescued British prisoners of war from the Lisbon Maru, and saying that this part of history, the kindness of the Chinese fishermen and the profound friendship between the peoples of the two countries should not be forgotten. Mrs. Wynne wrote the letter to President Xi Jinping to thank him for mentioning this part of history during his visit to Britain in 2015 and to express the firm support of the families of the survivors of the Lisbon Maru for the friendship between the Chinese and British peoples from generation to generation.

“Major Brian Finch, who has been committed to collecting the historical documents on the Lisbon Maru and a friend of Mrs. Wynne said that the story… contained the very worst and the very best of humanity: the kindness of the Chinese fishermen was absolutely outstanding and unbelievable as was the cruelty of the fascists. The defeat of Japanese militarism in the Second World War was the success of justice. This touching history is worth remembering and the friendship between the Chinese and British people in the fight against fascism should be passed down from generation to generation.”

Continue reading Film review: Sinking of the Lisbon Maru

Studies show strong public support for China’s political system

The following article by prominent author, ecologist and anthropologist Jason Hickel addresses the trope, often heard in the West, that China’s political system is “authoritarian” and undemocratic. Hickel looks at the evidence from the “two main studies on this question – both conducted by established Western institutions”, indicating that “the government in China enjoys strong popular support, and that most people in China believe their political system is democratic, fair, and serves the interests of the people”.

According to the most recent study by the Alliance of Democracies, “people in China have overwhelmingly positive views of their political system. 92% of people say that democracy is important to them, 79% say that their country is democratic, 91% say that the government serves the interests of most people (rather than a small group), and 85% say all people have equal rights before the law.” Indeed, Hickel notes that China outperforms Western countries on all these metrics.

The author observes that, while China does not have a Western-style liberal democracy, “it does have its own system of democracy, which it refers to as a whole-process people’s democracy, with principles of democratic centralism and a unique party system. This system seeks to institutionalise popular engagement in the policy-making process to ensure responsiveness to people’s needs.” It turns out that “what matters most when it comes to people’s perceptions of democracy is not whether their country has Western-style elections, but whether they believe their government acts in the interest of most people”.

Readers interested in understanding more about China’s socialist democracy may wish to read articles on the topic by Roland Boer and Jenny Clegg.

Conventional narratives in the West claim that the government in China lacks popular legitimacy and only retains power through coercion. But existing evidence from the two main studies on this question – both conducted by established Western institutions – shows the opposite. These studies demonstrate that the government in China enjoys strong popular support, and that most people in China believe their political system is democratic, fair, and serves the interests of the people.

The first study is published by Harvard’s Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation. The Ash Center operates what they describe as “the longest-running independent effort to track Chinese citizen satisfaction with government performance”. Regular surveys have been conducted since 2003. The most recent results were published in 2020, in a report titled “Understanding CCP Resilience: Surveying Chinese Public Opinion Through Time”.

This is not a pro-China publication. In fact, the Ash Center starts with the assumption that China is an authoritarian system dependent on coercion, and is therefore likely to face a crisis of public legitimacy. But the study’s actual results establish very different conclusions.

The authors summarize their results as follows. “We find that, since the start of the survey in 2003, Chinese citizen satisfaction with government has increased virtually across the board. From the impact of broad national policies to the conduct of local town officials, Chinese citizens rate the government as more capable and effective than ever before. Interestingly, more marginalized groups in poorer, inland regions are actually comparatively more likely to report increases in satisfaction. Second, the attitudes of Chinese citizens appear to respond (both positively and negatively) to real changes in their material well-being.”

The report finds that public satisfaction with the central government is extremely high. In 2016, the final year of data, it stood at 93%, having generally increased over time. Satisfaction with lower levels of government is somewhat lower but still very strong; for instance, provincial governments enjoyed 82% support in the final year of data.

Continue reading Studies show strong public support for China’s political system

Book Review: The East is Still Red by Carlos Martinez

We are pleased to reproduce below a review of Carlos Martinez’s The East is Still Red – Chinese Socialism in the 21st Century, from the blog Explore the Mundane: Ordinary Notes from a Taiwanese Chinese American Adoptee.

The book is described as being a necessary read, “both as a person newer to Marxism-Leninism and as a person born in Taiwan trying to understand the historical and present relationship between China and Taiwan.”

The reviewer, Kayla, highlights in particular the sections covering the early history of the Chinese Revolution; the response to the “Mao as monster” narrative; The Communist Party of China’s continuing commitment to Marxism; and the importance of opposing the US-led drive to war with China.

Kayla concludes:

The East is Still Red is a significant contribution to combat the West’s anti-China, anti-communist propaganda and to demonstrate the increasing escalation of the new Cold War to contain China. This book is an extraordinary guide for organizers and activists alike, and I would encourage folks especially on the left, to study this extraordinary resource and to learn about socialist China.

The East is Still Red can be purchased in paperback and digital format from the Praxis Press website.

Author and political activist Carlos Martinez writes a compelling case about the necessity of socialism, rooted in the revolutionary science of Marxist-Leninism, in his book The East is Still Red.

Learning about history, though essential, can be a daunting task because of how much research is digested and how dense the text itself can be. This is not the case with The East is Still Red. Martinez’s work is incredibly accessible and digestible, with each chapter being relatively short and broken into clear subsections. It’s easy to follow along with the arguments that Martinez presents, backed with ample evidence and sources.

The East is Still Red was necessary for me to read, both as a person newer to Marxism-Leninism and as a person born in Taiwan trying to understand the historical and present relationship between China and Taiwan. Through Martinez’ research and compelling writing, it’s also opened other avenues and resources to learn about socialist China. (I wrote more about this in January’s monthly reflection, “On Coming Out of the Fog” which you can read HERE.)

The U.S. ruling class is trying to maintain its hegemony, and we’ve seen the ongoing and increasing escalations to ‘contain’ China. These anti-China policies are bipartisan, as we saw with the Obama administration’s 2012 ‘Pivot to Asia’. Regardless of whether the Democratic party or the Republican party are in office, they both serve U.S. imperialism where there is no place for socialism, a direct threat to their existence. 

Note: The summary below does not do justice to the thorough research and analysis that author and political activist Carlos Martinez conducted for The East is Still Red. As with all book reviews and reflections, I’ve done my best to highlight key takeaways as a reader (though I cannot emphasize enough to check out this book for yourself). 

PAST

It’s impossible to discuss the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 without mentioning the multifarious ways that war, occupation, and foreign policy have contributed to China’s history, including the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese Civil War, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cold War. And, in nearly all of these wars, the U.S. played an insidious role whether it was its failed attempts to negotiate an agreement between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC), its declaration to contain communism in the Truman Doctrine, or its (ongoing) military support for Taiwan.

This broader context of global relations is necessary to understand the long fight against foreign domination and exploitation, to understand the economic conditions of China, and to contextualize its historic achievements of evolving from a semi-feudal country towards a socialist country. 

Continue reading Book Review: The East is Still Red by Carlos Martinez

US Defense Secretary Hegseth wants to overthrow China’s government, in ‘crusade’ against left (and Islam)

In the following article on Geopolitical Economy, Ben Norton exposes the extreme anti-China views of US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth.

Ben notes that, in his 2020 book American Crusade: Our Fight to Stay Free, Hegseth describes the Chinese as “literally the villains of our generation” and warns: “If we don’t stand up to communist China now, we will be standing for the Chinese anthem someday”.

This anti-China sentiment is not restricted to the past. “As defense secretary, Pete Hegseth has pushed for extremely aggressive policies against Beijing”, commenting just this month on Fox News that the United States is prepared to go to war with China. He calls for the US to stop trading with China and to do everything within its power to stop China’s rise.

These alarming views are combined with flagrant islamophobia, misogyny and homophobia.

Hegseth is not the only China hawk in Trump’s cabinet. As we have noted previously, “Marco Rubio is an anti-China fanatic, who stands for more tariffs, more sanctions, more slander, more support for Taiwanese separatism, more provocations in the South China Sea, and more destabilisation in Hong Kong and Xinjiang. Mike Waltz has long pushed for closer military cooperation with India, Japan, Australia and other countries in the region in preparation for war against China.”

Increasingly, there is consensus within US policy circles in favour of an escalation of the campaign to encircle and contain China. Progressive and anti-war movements in the West must resist this dangerous trajectory.

US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth is a self-declared “crusader” who believes the United States is in a “holy war” against the left, China, and Islam.

In his 2020 book American Crusade: Our Fight to Stay Free, Hegseth vowed that, if Trump could return to the White House and Republicans could take power, “Communist China will fall—and lick its wounds for another two hundred years”.

Hegseth declared that the Chinese “are literally the villains of our generation”, and warned, “If we don’t stand up to communist China now, we will be standing for the Chinese anthem someday”.

In Hegseth’s conspiratorial worldview, Chinese communists and the international left are conspiring with Islamists against the United States and Israel, which are sacred countries blessed by God.

Under Trump’s leadership, Hegseth promised, “Israel and America will form an even tighter bond, fighting the scourge of Islamism and international leftism that will never fully abate”.

“Islamists will never get a nuclear weapon but will be preemptively bombed back to the 700s when they try”, he added.

In the book, Hegseth heaped praise upon the medieval Crusaders, and he argued that Western conservatives in the 21st century should continue the holy war they started a millennium ago.

One of his chapters is titled “Make the Crusade Great Again”.

On the first page of the book, Hegseth proudly said his “American crusade” is a “holy war”, and he insisted that leftists are not “mere political opponents. We are foes. Either we win, or they win—we agree on nothing else”.

Hegseth also stated with certainty that there will soon be a civil war in the United States, between the right and left.

Continue reading US Defense Secretary Hegseth wants to overthrow China’s government, in ‘crusade’ against left (and Islam)

World Association for Political Economy call for papers

We publish below the Call for Papers for the 18th Annual Forum of the World Association for Political Economy (WAPE), which will be held from August 6-8, 2025, in Istanbul on the theme, ‘Multipolarity in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities in Political Economy’.

WAPE is an important initiative to bring together Marxist and socialist scholars worldwide in which the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences plays an important role. Friends of Socialist China is supporting the Forum and encourages participation.

18th Annual Forum of the World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) TURKIYE

Theme: “Multipolarity in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities in Political Economy”

Dates: August 6-8, 2025  Location: Yeditepe University Kayışdağı Campus, Istanbul, Turkiye

The World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) is pleased to announce its annual meeting, themed “Multipolarity in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities in Political Economy.” We invite scholars, researchers, activists, and practitioners to submit their papers for consideration.

As the global order transitions from a unipolar to a multipolar configuration, new dynamics are emerging that reshape international relations, economic systems, and global governance structures. This year’s theme aims to explore the implications of multipolarity for political economy, focusing on the diverse dimensions of power transitions, regional integration, and the reconfiguration of trade, investment, and development paradigms.

We welcome papers that address theoretical, empirical, or policy-oriented dimensions of multipolarity and its intersections with topics such as:

  • The law of uneven economic development and the new patterns of international economic development.
  • The rise of emerging economies and their impact on global power structures, including BRI international cooperation and BRICS development.
  • The challenge to the dominance of the dollar and the creation of alternative mechanisms for international economic relations such as a new common curreny.
  • The role of regional blocs and institutions in shaping multipolar governance.
  • The ecological challenge and resource politics in a multipolar world.
  • Shifts in labor relations and production systems under multipolarity.
  • The geopolitical economy of technology and digital governance.
  • Historical and theoretical insights into past transitions to multipolarity.
  • New developments in left-wing international political economy theory.
  • Proposing solutions to the challenges faced by global south countries in democratization, wealth distribution and people’s involvenment in governance.
  • The political economy of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the prospect for full automation, and the future of surplus value exploitation.
  • The social classes in world and countries within the context of digitalization and multipolarity.
  • Explaining the decline of (neo)liberalism and the advent of nationalist and right-wing parties in the West and beyond within the context of multipolar world.

Contributions that critically engage with the concept of multipolarity from a political-economy perspective, including its potential to challenge or reproduce existing inequalities and power asymmetries, are also welcome.

Submission Guidelines:

Important Dates:

  • Abstract submission deadline: April 30, 2025
  • Notification of acceptance: June 1, 2025
  • Final paper submission deadline: June 30, 2025

For more information, visit www.wapeweb.org or contact us at adnanakfirat@gmail.com, ndemircan11@hotmail.com, safak.erdem.h@gmx.de.

Registration Fees:

  • 150 euros: for online payment before June 15, 2025
  • 200 euros: for online payment after June 15, 2025 or on-site payment
  • 75 euros: reduced rate for unemployed, retired and students for online or on-site payment. 

We look forward to your contributions to what promises to be a vibrant and intellectually stimulating discussion on multipolarity and its implications for political economy.

World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) 

Chairman of WAPE 2025 Turkiye:           

M. Adnan Akfırat – (WAPE Vice Chairman, Chairman of the Belt and Road Initiative Quarterly-BRIQ Journal)  adnanakfirat@gmail.com  

Academic Advisor: 

Dr. Efe Can Gurcan (London School of Economics)

efe.gurcan@istinye.edu.tr

Academic Coordinator: 

Dr. Can Ulusoy (Cappadocia University)
can.ulusoy@kapadokya.edu.tr

Deputy Academic Coordinator:

Dr. Necati Demircan (Shanghai University Global Studies Institute) ndemircan11@hotmail.com  

Secretarial Works:  

Safak Erdem (Leibniz University Hannover)
safak.erdem.h@gmx.de

Isikgun Akfirat (Bogazici University)
iakfiratt@gmail.com                          

Ye Zhangxu (Shanghai University)
yezhangxu926@gmail.com

Tolga Disci (Bilkent University)
tolgadisci@gmail.com

Ambassador Zheng Zeguang: Two Sessions demonstrates the Chinese people’s confidence, resolve, and spirit of unity

The Chinese Embassy in the UK organised a symposium on March 20 for friends of China to learn about and discuss China’s recent parliamentary ‘two sessions’.

Introduced by Minister Zhao Fei, the proceedings began with a keynote speech by Ambassador Zheng Zeguang, who had just returned from attending the meetings in his capacity of a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

He said that the Two Sessions demonstrated the Chinese people’s confidence, resolve, and their spirit of unity and readiness to take action. They also projected China’s main economic and social development targets and outlined a series of important policy measures. 

He added that amid growing global uncertainties, China and the UK should act upon the important common understandings reached by the leaders of the two countries, earnestly implement the outcomes of the China-UK Strategic Dialogue, the China-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue, and the China-UK Energy Dialogue, and uphold the principles of mutual respect, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit. Both sides should seek common ground while resolving differences properly, and advance dialogue and collaboration across various sectors to benefit the people of both countries. He expressed the hope that people from different sectors in both countries would work together to promote the steady and sustained development of China-UK relations.

Following the Ambassador’s opening, remarks were made by:

  • Andy Brooks, General Secretary of the New Communist Party (NCP) of Britain.
  • Ella Rule, Chair of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) (CPGBML)
  • Ruth Styles, Chair of the Communist Party of Britain (CPB)
  • Stephen Perry, Honorary President of the 48 Group Club
  • Lord (Neil) Davidson of Glen Cova, Labour member of the House of Lords and former government minister
  • Martin Jacques, former Senior Fellow of Cambridge University and author of ‘When China rules the World’
  • Keith Bennett, Co-editor of Friends of Socialist China
  • Helen Jones, Director of Global Engagement of the Science Museum Group
  • Sam Daws, Senior Advisor to Oxford Martin AI Governance Initiative
  • Hugh Goodacre, Secretary of the Xi Jinping Thought Study Group (Institute for Independence Studies); and
  • Frances Wood, former curator at the British Library, Sinologist, historian and author.

The discussion continued over lunch, with further contributions, including from Maise Riley, Chair of the Young Communist League (YCL) of Britain, and David Peat, Secretary of the Friends of Socialist China Britain Committee.

We reprint below the report that was published on the website of the Chinese Embassy, along with Keith Bennett’s remarks in the discussion.

The Chinese Embassy in the UK Holds Symposium for People from Various Sectors in the UK to Highlight Key Takeaways from China’s Two Sessions

On 20 March 2025, the Chinese Embassy in the UK hosted a symposium with representatives of people from various sectors in the UK to introduce the key messages of China’s Two Sessions, during which, Ambassador Zheng Zeguang delivered a keynote speech, and participants engaged in discussions.

In his speech, Ambassador Zheng emphasised that the recently concluded Two Sessions were a significant event in China’s political agenda. Given the evolving international and domestic landscapes, this year’s Two Sessions attracted even greater attention and carried profound significance.

The Two Sessions demonstrated the Chinese people’s confidence, resolve, and their spirit of unity and readiness to take action. The Two Sessions also projected China’s main economic and social development targets and outlined a series of important policy measures. 

China remains committed to advancing Chinese modernisation through high-quality development. Measures will be taken to implement proactive and effective macroeconomic policies, boost consumption, expand domestic demand and effective investment, advance technological innovation andfoster new quality productive forces. Efforts will also be made to promote high-standard opening-up,and stabilise foreign trade and investment. Despite the challenges and difficulties, we are confident in achieving the goals set out at the Two Sessions.

Continue reading Ambassador Zheng Zeguang: Two Sessions demonstrates the Chinese people’s confidence, resolve, and spirit of unity

Could China’s rise be Britain’s opportunity?

We are pleased to reprint below the report by Morning Star editor Ben Chacko, carried in that newspaper, of the meeting ‘China in Springtime: Sharing Opportunities with the World’, organised by the China Media Group together with the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in the UK (CCCUK) and the China-Britain Business Council (CBBC), with the support of the Chinese Embassy, and held at the Bank of China, in the City of London, the capital’s financial district, on March 17. The key purpose of the gathering was to report on and discuss China’s recent two (parliamentary) sessions and the resulting prospects for business and economic cooperation between China and Britain from the policies rolled out there.

Reporting on the keynote speech delivered by Chinese Ambassador Zheng Zeguang, Ben notes how he, “referenced President Xi Jinping’s three signature initiatives, the Global Development Initiative (for economic co-operation in place of trade systems that benefit corporations in rich countries at the expense of the Global South), the Global Security Initiative (replacing concepts of security based on power blocs like NATO with an inclusive international security architecture) and the Global Civilisation Initiative, which promotes multipolarity and argues for a world order based on respect for different civilisations, rather than one whose institutions have all been designed in the framework of the European political tradition.”

China would meet its five per cent growth target and its role as a scientific innovator should be recognised, he argued, pointing to its leading role in the global green transition (non-fossil fuels accounting for 40 per cent of Chinese electricity generation last year and 70 per cent of all electric vehicles worldwide being sold in China) as well as its progress in quantum technology and AI, most notably with DeepSeek, the “low-cost, open source large language model [which] has stunned the world.

“On sci-tech, we were playing catch-up but have now become a frontrunner.” But unlike the US, which seeks to stymie China’s development by blocking access to chips and software, “we don’t believe in ‘small yard, high fence’ — we believe in mutual learning and sharing.”

Sir Sherard Cowper-Coles, Chairman of CBBC, contrasted China’s “serious government” to too many in the West, pointing out China has a record of achieving its economic growth targets and should be seen as a key export market for British goods and services.

Lord (Neil) Davidson, Labour Member of the House of Lords and former government minister, said London should view China’s advances as opportunities, not threats.

The City should pay close attention to the “BRICS-Pay project – another platform for trade finance as an addition to the dollar-based system… this could be characterised as a threat to dollar hegemony, but historically the City has looked to assess financial innovations for their objective effects rather than rhetoric,” he argued, hinting that Britain too could benefit from an end to US financial supremacy.

“The view that China can be pressured into policies it rejects, if ever true, is plainly bankrupt. The view that China is dependent on the West for technology is eroding speedily. The view that China is merely a low-cost provider of goods belongs in the past,” he added.

We also carry below the report on the event published on the website of the Chinese Embassy. It noted Ambassador Zheng as stating:

“China will promote the development of new quality productive forces, fostering industries such as biomanufacturing, quantum technology, embodied AI, and 6G, and continuously advancing the AI Plus initiative and AI application in different industries. China will expand higher-standard opening up, strengthening policies to stabilise foreign trade and foreign investment, and increasing the number of countries eligible for visa-free entry. China will promote green and low-carbon transition, improving incentives for green consumption, and accelerating the development of a green and low-carbon economy.”

The Ambassador also pointed out that China and the UK should seize opportunities, expand collaboration and create a new future of mutually beneficial cooperation. In the face of a turbulent and changing world, a stable and constructive China-UK relationship is even more important to both countries and the world.

“The two sides must uphold the principles of mutual respect, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs and equality, and properly handle differences and sensitive issues. We must say no to those who have been trying to talk China down. We must say no to those who have been trying to undermine normal exchanges between our two countries. We must say no to those who have been trying to disrupt China-UK collaboration.”

Following the formal proceedings and a networking reception, Creation of the Gods II: Demon Force, a 2025 historical blockbuster, was screened.

Could China’s rise be Britain’s opportunity?

Will Labour take a more rational approach to China than the Tories did? Or continue the drive to trade decoupling and war led by the United States?

Optimism was in the air at a China Media Group meeting bringing together the country’s ambassador to Britain Zheng Zeguang and business figures earlier this week. The Donald Trump government was not named, but its disruptive character was referenced — Zheng observed that “unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise and power politics runs rampant;” the chairman of the China-British Council, Sir Sherard Cowper-Coles, spoke of the “orange-coloured elephant in the room.”

China in Springtime reported back on the recent Two Sessions, as the simultaneous meetings of China’s national policy-making forums — the legislative National People’s Congress, and the advisory People’s Political Consultative Conference — are known.

Zheng countered propaganda depicting China’s rise as a threat to a “rules-based” — read US-policed — world order. “China champions an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalisation.”

Here he referenced President Xi Jinping’s three signature initiatives, the Global Development Initiative (for economic co-operation in place of trade systems that benefit corporations in rich countries at the expense of the global South), the Global Security Initiative (replacing concepts of security based on power blocs like Nato with an inclusive international security architecture) and the Global Civilisation Initiative, which promotes multipolarity and argues for a world order based on respect for different civilisations, rather than one whose institutions have all been designed in the framework of the European political tradition.

Continue reading Could China’s rise be Britain’s opportunity?

Daniel Ortega: The continuing Chinese Revolution brings peace, wellbeing and solidarity

We are pleased to republish this article from the Tortilla con Sal website, consisting of the speeches given on March 8, International Women’s Day, at the latest ceremony to mark the handover of buses as part of the comradely support of the People’s Republic of China to the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua.

Speaking first, Santi Zhou, representative of the Yutong Company, the bus manufacturer, said:

“Since the start of our collaboration, we have introduced several batches of buses, with a total of 2,000 units in Nicaragua. Yutong accompanies Nicaraguans in their development.

“We thank Compañero Comandante Daniel Ortega and Compañera Rosario Murillo for the opportunity to contribute to the modernisation of Nicaraguan public transport, which is now not only present in Managua… but also expanding to other territories.

“It gives us pride to strengthen the bonds of friendship between our peoples, expanding new horizons for the growth of transport and the important tourism industry, promoting access to the beautiful landscapes of Bluefields and Bilwi… Our team is committed, living and working here, to provide the greatest possible support to the Nicaraguan people.”

Fátima del Carmen German, a transport worker, said: “On this special day, March 8th when we celebrate this important date, we commemorate the struggle that women waged for equal rights; and likewise, we celebrate the strength, resilience and passion of every woman… On behalf of all these strong, brave, hardworking and empowered women, we reiterate our gratitude to our good government and our brothers and sisters in China for having confidence in us.”

China’s Ambassador to Nicaragua Chen Xi noted that this was the fifth time that he has participated in the handover of Chinese vehicles to Nicaragua.

“I wanted to salute the Nicaraguan people for the recent publication of the Constitution of the Republic of Nicaragua, unanimously approved by the Legislators of the National Assembly of Nicaragua. A revolutionary and democratic constitution, a constitution that strengthens and further consolidates the rights of education, health, security, wellbeing and all the rights that assist the honourable Nicaraguan people.

“I also want to salute Co-President Daniel Ortega, Co-President Rosario Murillo, for their great responsibility and commitment, their determination to lead the Nicaraguan people to a brighter future.

“Of course, I also cannot fail to salute you, the Nicaraguan transport workers, for the successes you have been able to achieve, to improve the means of transport, supported by the Sandinista government led by your Co-Presidents, so that you can, with all your goodwill, with all your professionalism, improve the transport service to the Nicaraguan people, so that the Nicaraguan people can enjoy better bus services, which have been a very important means of transport for the country and the people, to achieve a better development.

Noting that due to its special geographical and climatic situation, Nicaragua is particularly susceptible to national disasters and the effects of climate change, the Ambassador said that:

“But really human beings now do not have to face this with just their bare hands, we can now resort to technology, and China is an immense country but also vulnerable to natural disasters, we too face typhoons, earthquakes, floods, and so on but thanks to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese government, and the efforts of the Chinese people, of the technicians, we have been able to develop some experiences, some very efficient, advanced technologies, to face all those emergency situations.

“And we have wanted to share those experiences, those Chinese technologies, with the Nicaraguan people, so that we can fight together against all those emergency situations, all those natural disasters; so that our peoples can enjoy life in tranquility, in security, more and more every day… And to sum up, China is willing to work together with our Nicaraguan brothers and sisters to develop many other projects, especially projects dedicated to the social sector, so that the Nicaraguan people can enjoy the benefits of our friendship, of our brother and sisterhood.”

Co-President Daniel Ortega began his speech by noting that March 8 was International Women’s Day. Noting its history, he said it was, “Clara Zetkin, who in 1910 at a Conference of Socialist Women, in Copenhagen, proposed and approved the celebration of Working Women’s Day, because it was mainly working women who were marginalised and exploited. And very soon, the following year, in the month of March, the first commemoration took place.

He went on to say that this is a “struggle that we have been waging here in Nicaragua as well, to defeat and eliminate, to extirpate, from our nation, the manifestations of machismo, which in some cases result in causing pain, even tragedy in some families.

“And there, fighting for the peace and security of the Nicaraguan people, the right of women was incorporated, and has also been enshrined in the laws, that when aggression and crimes are committed against working women, Self-sacrificing Women, then the maximum penalty goes to those who commit this type of crimes.”

Ortega pointed out that the ceremony was taking place at the Comandante Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías Roundabout and highlighted the role that the late Venezuelan revolutionary leader had played in the resumption of diplomatic relations between Nicaragua and China:

“A few days ago, on March 5th, we commemorated the 12th Anniversary of his Departure on the Journey to Immortality, but he is present here with us and we remember him well for how he connected with the Nicaraguan people.

“And I remember, dear Ambassador, that on the occasions when I would talk with Comandante Hugo Chávez, he would say to me: Well, and when…? The brothers of the People’s Republic of China are waiting for us. And he loved the People’s Republic of China, like the love we have too have for China.

“But, unfortunately, when the neoliberal governments arrived, they broke our relations with the People’s Republic of China, and three neoliberal Governments passed. And we had to return to the government and achieve a majority in Congress, in the National Assembly, to finally make Comandante Chávez’s dream come true.

“And we can tell you: Here we are, united as brothers and sisters, with the People’s Republic of China, with the Chinese people, with the Chinese Communist Party, and we are proud of that unity, which is a unity in which, we well know, the heroic people of China made an extraordinary revolution led by Mao Zedong, one to which President Xi Jinping has come giving it continuity and new brilliance.

“That is, the revolution in China has not stopped, the revolution in China continues, and now offers itself to the world as a revolution bringing peace, bringing wellbeing, bringing solidarity to the peoples. It does not carry sanctions, nor does it carry threats, nor does it carry wars. It is a revolution of peace, the revolution led by the Chinese Communist Party.”

The final speaker was Co-President Rosario Murillo, who said:

“While Comandante Daniel was talking about that plague, the plague of machismo, which is still something in our culture that we have to combat and overcome, I was remembering how we always thought and said that without revolution it is difficult to achieve women’s rights. And 45 years after the triumph of the revolution, 45 years later, what do we see? That it has been possible to achieve justice for us women, from us as women, because we have a revolution, a revolution in which we all participate with our strength, with our work, with our pride, with our sense of national dignity…

“For years immemorial, the years of the guerrilla Sandinista struggles, women have been there… But now women are in power! At that time, women were combatants, guerrillas, fighters, warriors, and we have always been warriors, fighters and combatants, but now we also constitute power, institutional power.”

Address by Compañero Santi Zhou
Representative for Central America from the Yutong Company

Dear Co-President-Comandante Daniel Ortega; dear Co-President, Comrade Rosario Murillo; dear Ambassador Chen Xi, of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China.

Dear Gentlemen, Compañero Laureano Ortega; Vice Minister Mauricio Aguilar; Compañero Fidel Moreno; Compañeras Fátima and Idalia and your compañeras and compañeros.

Compañeras and compañeros, cordial greetings. A very good afternoon to everyone, and a happy Women’s Day to all the Compañeras present today.

It is a pleasure and an honor for me to be present here. On behalf of Yutong, I want to express to you our pleasure at being able to continue as part of the growth and development of public transport in Nicaragua by supporting its People.

We have been part of this vision of the Government since 2023 and we are grateful to have been chosen for this important development. Yutong is a partner in this challenge and proof of this is our interest and commitment to accompany you throughout the process.

Since the start of our collaboration, we have introduced several batches of buses, with a total of 2,000 units in Nicaragua. Yutong accompanies Nicaraguans in their development.

We thank Compañero Comandante Daniel Ortega and Compañera Rosario Murillo for the opportunity to contribute to the modernization of Nicaraguan public transport, which is now not only present in Managua, Ciudad Sandino and Tipitapa, but will also expanding to other territories, such as Chinandega, Carazo, Masaya, León, Matagalpa, Estelí, Jinotega, Boaco (…)

In addition, it gives us pride to strengthen the bonds of friendship between our Peoples, expanding new horizons for the growth of transport and the important tourism industry, promoting access to the beautiful landscapes of Bluefields and Bilwi.

We are working and moving forward together to offer new Yutong products in the future. Our Team is committed, living and working here, to provide the greatest possible support to the Nicaraguan People, and guarantee accompaniment throughout the life cycle of our products.

Finally, I sincerely hope that the quality of life of the Nicaraguan people continues to improve every day.

Thank you very much, everyone.

Continue reading Daniel Ortega: The continuing Chinese Revolution brings peace, wellbeing and solidarity

Why should we study China?

We are pleased to publish below the speech given by Dr. Jenny Clegg to our meeting to launch People’s China at 75: The Flag Stays Red, held on Thursday March 20, at the Marx Memorial Library in central London.

Jenny makes a number of important points in her speech, noting how the process of socialist revolution and transformation in China had its antecedents in the country’s experience of World War 2. With this year being the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese people’s war of resistance against Japanese aggression and the global anti-fascist war, she argues strongly for seeing the conflict as a people’s war and as one with important lessons for today’s international situation, itself displaying ever greater dangers of another global conflagration. Jenny further argues that the left needs to take a realistic view of China and to build that into our own political perspectives and practice.

Jenny is an independent writer and researcher, specialising in China’s development and international role; and a former Senior Lecturer in Asia Pacific Studies at the University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN). She is the author of China’s Global Strategy: towards a multipolar world (Pluto Press, 2009) and Storming the Heavens – Peasants and Revolution in China, 1925-1949 – from a Marxist perspective (Manifesto Press, forthcoming).

People’s China at 75 is available from the publishers in paperback and digital formats. Note that, for the month of March 2025, to celebrate the launch meeting, Praxis Press are running a 25 percent discount on their full catalogue – the discount code is 25FOR25.

This book looks at China’s experience of, and contributions, to socialism. But how did socialism in China come about?  My chapter covers those first few years from 1949 to 1956 when the nationalist, peasant and worker movements converged to establish the system of public ownership in industry and agriculture.

But there is more to be said to explain where socialism in China came from – the extreme privation, the near national extinction through war and the need to resist, a history I want to suggest which is very relevant to the question today: why study China?

Today the world is in turmoil – Trump kicking off; the spectacular failure of Biden’s leadership with 70 years of the international political liberal order down the drain.  When Biden and Starmer supplied Zelensky with long-range missiles to strike deep inside Russia, we came perilously close to World War 3.

How on earth did things come to this?  From history we may gain perspective.  As we stand at the brink of WW3 let’s recall WW2 and how it sparked China’s trajectory to socialism through mass mobilisation.

China was the country most changed by WW2: 35 million causalities, the majority civilians; some 100 million, nearly one fifth of the population, uprooted from their homes, wandering aimlessly. Out of the terrible suffering came the revolutionary will to fight for a new, an independent China. 

Continue reading Why should we study China?