Detailed joint statements adopted between China and Vietnam, Malaysia and Cambodia

As a key part of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s recent regional tour, detailed and comprehensive joint statements were adopted between China and all three countries visited by the Chinese leader, namely Vietnam, Malaysia and Cambodia.

The joint statement with Vietnam took as its key theme, continuing to deepen the Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership and promoting the building of a Vietnam-China community with a shared future that carries strategic significance.

The two sides held that Vietnam and China are geographically adjacent, culturally close, and have close people-to-people ties, similar regimes, and interrelated destinies. They are good neighbours, good friends, good comrades, and good partners. They are both socialist countries led by the Communist Parties, and both strive for the happiness of the people and the prosperity of their country, as well as for the noble cause of peace and progress of humanity. The two sides looked back at the development of the relationship between the two Parties and countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations 75 years ago. Vietnam was the first country in Southeast Asia to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China, while China was the first country in the world to recognise and establish diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. No matter how the world situation changes, the two sides have always fought side by side, supported each other in the struggles for national independence and liberation, learned from each other, and together moved forward to seek a socialist path suitable to the situation of each country and modernisation bearing the characteristics of each country. The Party, State and people of Vietnam always appreciate and cherish the strong support of the Party, State and people of China. The two sides shared the view that the traditional friendship – “the profound Vietnam-China relationship, both comrades and brothers” – built and nurtured by President Ho Chi Minh, Chairman Mao Zedong and leaders of previous generations, is increasingly strong. It is a valuable asset shared by two countries’ people, and needs to be well inherited, protected and promoted.

Given the changes of the world, the times, and history, China emphasised that it consistently pursues the policy of friendship with Vietnam, always considering Vietnam a priority in its neighbourhood diplomacy. Vietnam reaffirmed that it always considers relations with China a consistent policy, an objective requirement, and a top priority in its foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralisation, and diversification. This is the strategic choice of both sides.

They will take the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the diplomatic relations as an opportunity to continue to deepen the Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership, promote the building of the Vietnam-China community with a shared future that carries strategic significance, enhance mutually beneficial cooperation between the two sides with higher quality, deepen strategic coordination, bring more practical benefits to the people of the two countries, make important contributions to the stable development of the region and the cause of peace and progress of humanity, and create a positive model for building a community with a shared future of humanity.

The Vietnamese side wished and believed that, under the steadfast leadership of the Communist Party of China Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the core, and the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the Party, Government and people of China will certainly complete the goals and tasks of the 14th five-year plan with high quality, comprehensively build a modern socialist power, and successfully realise the second centenary goal.

The Chinese side wished and believed that under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee headed by General Secretary To Lam, the Party, State and people of Vietnam will certainly successfully implement the goals and tasks set by the 13th National Party Congress, prepare well and successfully organise the 14th National Party Congress in 2026, bring the country into a new era of development, successfully build a socialist Vietnam with rich people, strong country, democracy, equality and civilisation. China reaffirmed its support for Vietnam’s efforts for prosperous development, the happiness of its people, a strong, independent, and self-reliant economy, comprehensive promotion of reform, industrialisation, modernisation, international integration, the expansion of its foreign relations, and its enhanced role for peace, stability, development, and prosperity in the region and the world.

Both sides also agreed to continue to fully promote the special role of the Party channel, further strengthen the role of the exchange and cooperation mechanism between the two Parties, especially high-level meetings and theoretical seminars between the two Parties; improve the effectiveness of exchange and cooperation between the respective agencies of the two Parties at the central level, as well as between local party organisations of the two countries, especially the border provinces (regions). Through theoretical seminars, and cooperation in personnel training, and delegation exchanges via the Party channel, both sides will comprehensively implement exchanges of theory and practical experiences in Party building and national governance, and work together to deepen mutual understanding of the Party’s leadership role, advance the socialist cause in the context of unprecedented changes in the world, thus contributing to Party building and the development of socialism in both countries.

This year marks the 80th founding anniversary of the United Nations. The two sides reaffirmed the perseverance to defend the international system with the United Nations as its core, the international order with international law as its foundation, and the adherence to the “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence” and the basic norms of international relations with the purpose and principles of the United Nations Charter as the cornerstone. Vietnam congratulated China on the successful commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the proclamation of the “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence”. Facing the uncertainty, instability and unpredictability of the international situation, the two sides will firmly uphold multilateralism, jointly safeguard international fairness and justice and the common interests of developing countries; maintain solidarity and cooperation in the international community, promote the common values of humanity on peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom; support an equal and orderly multipolar world and the globalisation of inclusive economy, bringing about common benefits and developing global governance in a more equitable and reasonable direction. The two sides emphasised the joint opposition to hegemony and power politics, to unilateralism in all forms, and to actions that jeopardise regional peace and stability.

They agreed to strengthen coordination and cooperation within the framework of multilateral mechanisms such as the United Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and supporting each other in running for positions in international organisations. Vietnam highly values the important role of the BRICS in promoting solidarity and cooperation among emerging economies, is ready for discussion about becoming a partner country of BRICS and is willing to strengthen cooperation with the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

The two sides held that ensuring and protecting human rights is a common cause of humanity, which must be based on each country’s specific circumstance, thus seeking a path to develop human rights in line with the needs of its people. The two sides expressed the readiness to engage in exchanges and cooperation on human rights on the basis of equality and mutual respect, strengthen international dialogue and cooperation in the field of human rights, jointly promote the healthy development of a global human rights agenda, and resolutely oppose the “politicisation”, “instrumentalisation”, and double standards on human rights issues, as well as the abuse of human rights as a pretext to interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign nations.

The two sides held sincere and candid discussions on sea-related issues, emphasising the need for better management and active resolution of sea-related differences, and for joint maintenance of peace and stability in the East Sea/South China Sea. The two sides agreed to abide by the important common perceptions reached by the top leaders of the two Parties and the two countries; persist in friendly consultations to actively seek fundamental and long-term solutions that are acceptable to both sides and accord with the agreement on basic principles guiding the settlement of sea-related issues between Vietnam and China, and international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The two sides pledged not to take any actions that may complicate the situation or expand disputes, and to work together to maintain stability at sea. They also agreed on stepping up negotiations for the delimitation of sea areas beyond the mouth of the Gulf of Tonkin, and for the cooperation for mutual development at sea to soon achieve substantive progress; actively implementing cooperation in less sensitive areas at sea; and strengthening cooperation in maritime search and rescue.

The two sides pledged to push ahead with the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the East Sea (DOC) and, through consultation and consensus, to soon reach a substantive and effective Code of Conduct in the East Sea/South China Sea (COC) that is in accordance with international law, including the 1982 UNCLOS.

During the visit, the two sides signed cooperation documents in road and railway connectivity, customs inspection and quarantine, trade in agricultural products, national defence, science and technology, culture, sports, education, social welfare, human resources, media, and locality-to-locality cooperation. [The joint statement also details numerous areas of practical bilateral cooperation.]

Party General Secretary and President of China Xi Jinping expressed his sincere thanks to Party General Secretary To Lam, State President Luong Cuong, and other leaders of the Vietnamese Party and State, and the people of Vietnam for their warm, respectful, and friendly reception; and cordially invited Party General Secretary To Lam and State President Luong Cuong to visit China at an early date. Party General Secretary To Lam and State President Luong Cuong thanked and gladly accepted the invitation.

MALAYSIA

The joint statement with Malaysia was themed on Building a High-level Strategic China-Malaysia Community with a Shared Future.

Both leaders agreed that the two countries are close neighbours for thousands of years, sincere partners for common development, true friends connected by hearts, and important forces for maintaining peace. Since the establishment of China-Malaysia diplomatic relations on 31 May 1974, the friendship has witnessed profound changes over the past half-century, the bilateral relations have been continuously strengthened and demonstrated renewed vigour and vitality especially after entering the new era.

Both sides stressed that China-Malaysia relations have made significant progress, driven by the strategic guidance of their leaders and rooted in the deep and traditional friendship between their peoples. The key elements of this relationship include their commitment to maintaining independent strategies, seeking common development, fostering sincerity and mutual trust, and upholding fairness and justice.

Malaysia admired China’s historic achievements and reform in the new era and acknowledged its significant contributions to preserving regional and global peace, stability and sustainable development under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. Malaysia appreciated China’s pursuit of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernisation and believed further deepening the reform comprehensively and high-level opening up will bring new impetus and opportunities for bilateral cooperation and development of countries and regions. China commended Malaysia’s remarkable economic and social achievements since its independence 68 years ago, supports the Malaysian government in advancing the governance concept of “Malaysia MADANI”, and looks forward to greater achievements in Malaysia’s nation building and development.

Malaysia reiterates its firm commitment to the One China Policy, as per the Joint Communique signed by the leaders of both countries on 31 May 1974. Consistent with the One China Policy, Malaysia recognises the Government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, Taiwan is an inalienable territory of the People’s Republic of China, and in order for China to achieve national reunification, will not support any call for the independence of Taiwan.

Both sides agreed, to the extent practicable, to become a pacesetter for regional cooperation on new quality productive forces, promote the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative Cooperation Plan signed in 2024 and further synergise development strategies. Focusing on four key areas of digital economy, green economy, blue economy and tourism economy, the two sides will expand future economic cooperation, promote integrated, coordinated and complementary development, achieve deep integration of industrial and supply chains, value chains, data chains and talent chains, so as to further improve the level and quality of China-Malaysia cooperation.

Both sides will jointly explore cooperation on new quality productive forces, create new growth points in cutting-edge areas such as advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence and quantum technology, deepen smart city cooperation, and strengthen the integrated development of industrial and supply chains. The Malaysian side welcomes Chinese enterprises to participate in the construction of Malaysia’s 5G network. Both sides look forward to explore potential cooperation in the semiconductor industrial chain to the extent practicable to maintain the stability of the industrial and supply chains.

Both sides will continue to encourage enterprises to promote cooperation in the field of new energy based on business principles and jointly create new forms of green economy. The two sides will explore and promote cooperation on rail equipment, aerospace and nuclear power, support Malaysian airlines in introducing and operating Chinese commercial aircraft, and facilitate the industrial upgrading and energy transformation of each other.

Both countries reaffirmed their commitment to strengthen rail transportation and infrastructure cooperation and contribute to the realisation of the Pan-Asian Railway vision.

Both sides recognised the significant potential to strengthen partnerships under the Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of Malaysia on Space Cooperation and the Peaceful Use of Outer Space cooperation framework to advance space capabilities, foster the development of the new space economy, drive technological advancements, and contribute to national security. The two countries expressed their readiness to pursue these initiatives, guided by the principles of equality and mutual benefits.

The Chinese side will actively attend the international exhibitions held in Malaysia such as the Malaysia International Halal Showcase (MIHAS) and the International Greentech & Eco Products Exhibition & Conference Malaysia (IGEM).

Both sides adhere to the people-centred development concept and will expand cooperation on poverty reduction and agricultural and rural revitalisation. Leveraging China’s successful experiences in targeted poverty alleviation and rural development, Malaysia seeks to integrate best practices into its national development initiatives, including the current Five-Year Development Plan, Ekonomi MADANI and its commitment towards achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs).

Key priority areas include enhancing data-driven poverty alleviation through some platforms, adopting innovative agricultural technologies like precision agriculture to support initiatives such as the People’s Income Initiative (IPR) and promoting rural economic growth through e-commerce. By strengthening these mechanisms, both countries aim to foster inclusive growth, resilience, and equitable development that directly benefits grassroots communities, particularly marginalised groups such as rural poor, women, youth, Bumiputera and indigenous populations including the Orang Asli.

The two countries jointly advocate the diversity, coexistence, harmony and inclusiveness of civilisations, promote meaningful Islam-Confucianism dialogue, fostering interfaith understanding and cultural exchange, foster the common development of Chinese and Islamic civilisations through mutual learning, and together practice Asian values centreed on peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness.

The two countries are pleased to see that pandas in Malaysia are warmly welcomed by the Malaysian people and have become an important symbol of China-Malaysia friendship. The two sides agreed to continue to conduct joint research on panda protection and expect to achieve more progress in this field.

Both sides emphasised the importance of maintaining peace, security and stability in the South China Sea, agreed to resolve disputes by peaceful means, through friendly consultations and negotiations, in accordance with the universally recognised principles of international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Both sides further emphasised the need for all parties to exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities, and to avoid actions that would complicate or escalate tensions in the South China Sea. Both sides recognised that the involvement of parties not directly concerned could be counter-productive. [This may be taken as an implicit but clear rebuke to the provocative and dangerous policy of confrontation currently being pursued by the reactionary Marcos regime in the Philippines in cahoots with and under the direction of outside forces, US imperialism in particular. The pledge not to take any actions that may complicate the situation or expand disputes contained in the joint statement with Vietnam may also be viewed in this light.]

Both sides are committed to advancing regional economic integration and will promote the high-quality implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement and look forward to the full conclusion of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (FTA) 3.0 for the early signing of the Upgrade Protocol and its timely implementation. Malaysia supports Hong Kong’s accession to RCEP.

China appreciated Malaysia’s initiatives such as ASEAN-China-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Cooperation Summit, which embody open regionalism that is conducive to international and regional economic and financial stability and coordinated development among different regions in Asia. Malaysia looks forward to high-level participation from China to the Summit.

The two sides shared the view that the peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region do not come by easily and should be dearly cherished. Hence, both sides emphasised the importance of upholding regional peace, security and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and avoiding actions that may jeopardise regional security and the shared commitment to maintaining an open and inclusive regional architecture. In line with the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (SEANWFZ), the two countries agreed to support the efforts to preserve Southeast Asia as a region free from nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, while contributing to global efforts on disarmament, non-proliferation and peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

Both sides agreed that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations and the end of the Second World War. No country can stay immune in the face of the turbulent and changing international landscape and the historical trend toward a shared future for the international community, and win-win cooperation is the only right way forward. The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter to practice true multilateralism, uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms governing international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. Both sides will work together to meet all kinds of challenges and contribute Asian strength to building an equal and orderly multipolar world.

Both sides stressed that the year of 2024 marked the 70th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence along with the UN Charter have become basic norms of international relations and fundamental principles of international law. Both sides will adhere to the Asian development path of mutual benefit, openness and cooperation. China welcomes Malaysia as a BRICS partner country and is willing to actively support Malaysia in better integrating into BRICS cooperation.

Both sides will jointly promote a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalisation, advance trade and investment facilitation, and reject the unilateral trade restrictive measures including arbitrary tariffs hikes that are inconsistent with the WTO rules. Both sides are committed to upholding the rules-based, non-discriminatory, open, fair, inclusive, equitable and transparent multilateral trading system with WTO at its core.

Both sides call on all relevant parties to continuously and effectively implement the Gaza ceasefire agreement, with the aim of achieving a permanent ceasefire. Both sides stressed that Gaza belongs to the Palestinian people and it is an inalienable part of the territory of Palestine. Both sides emphasised that “the Palestinians governing Palestine” is an important principle that must be upheld in the post-conflict governance of Gaza and opposed the forced displacement of the people of Gaza. Both sides called for an independent state of Palestine based on the two-state solution and for Palestine’s full UN membership.

President Xi Jinping expressed appreciation to the Malaysian government and people for their warm and friendly hospitality and invited Malaysian leaders to visit China at a mutually convenient time. The Malaysian leaders thanked President Xi Jinping for the invitation and accepted the invitation with pleasure.

CAMBODIA

The joint statement with Cambodia was on Building an All-Weather China-Cambodia Community with a Shared Future in the New Era and Implementing the Three Global Initiatives.

Cambodia highly appreciates the historic achievements made in China’s development in the new era, believes that China’s modernisation has expanded the path options and practical solutions for human modernisation, and firmly supports China in comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with China’s modernisation. China highly appreciates Cambodia’s remarkable achievements in maintaining political stability, promoting economic development, improving people’s lives, and enhancing its international status, and firmly supports the Cambodian government in smoothly implementing its governance and achieving the development goal of becoming a high-income country by 2050.

The two sides reaffirmed their firm support for each other’s core interests, national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and stressed their opposition to external interference in the internal affairs of other countries. 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to maintaining the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, opposed hegemonism, opposed all forms of unilateralism, called for the revitalisation of true multilateralism, promoted the democratisation of international relations, jointly upheld international fairness and justice and the common interests of all countries, jointly advocated an equal and orderly multipolar world and inclusive economic globalisation, and promoted global governance in a more just and reasonable direction.

Both sides stressed that 2024 marks the 70th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and 2025 marks the 70th anniversary of the Bandung Conference. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the “Bandung Spirit” have become open, inclusive and universally applicable basic norms of international relations and basic principles of international law, making indelible and historic global contributions. Cambodia congratulated China on the successful holding of the 70th anniversary commemoration of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence last year. Both sides agreed to uphold the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, promote Asian values with peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness at the core, advocate the Bandung Spirit with unity, friendship and cooperation at the core, and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

The two sides emphasised the need to put people at the centre, give priority to promoting development and protecting people’s livelihood, and are willing to be leaders in implementing global development initiatives, push for the initiatives to go deeper and become more practical within bilateral and multilateral frameworks, so as to inject strong impetus into promoting common development around the world, especially in the Global South.

Both sides believe that trade and investment restrictive measures have an impact on economic security and the international trade order, firmly oppose trade protectionism, and are committed to maintaining a predictable, rule-based, transparent, non-discriminatory, open and inclusive multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core. Both sides recognise the importance of the WTO as a platform for trade rule-making, review, dialogue and cooperation, and its key role in promoting trade and investment liberalisation and facilitation. Both sides will safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all members and are willing to jointly promote WTO reform, push for practical outcomes at the 14th Ministerial Conference, and push economic globalisation toward a more open, inclusive, equitable, balanced and win-win direction.

Both sides agreed to give full play to the role of the China-Cambodia railway cooperation mechanism, jointly formulate the overall plan of Cambodia’s railway network, and identify key cooperation projects. Both sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in transportation infrastructure such as commercial aircraft.

Both sides agreed to jointly build a safe and stable industrial chain and supply chain, support the high-quality development of the economic and trade cooperation zone, and promote the construction of supporting facilities such as transportation facilities, power optical cables, sewage treatment, warehousing and logistics. China is willing to continue to support the development of the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone, focus on Cambodia’s vision of building a multifunctional economic demonstration zone in Sihanoukville Province, and encourage more capable Chinese companies to increase investment in Cambodia.

The two sides will expand the use of their own currencies in bilateral trade and investment, support eligible Cambodian commercial banks to join the RMB cross-border payment system, and agree to promote cross-border QR code interconnection cooperation.

Both sides commit to developing clean energy cooperation, including hydropower, pumped storage, solar energy, wind energy and other clean energy technologies. Both sides commit to strengthen mutual cooperation in regional and global energy cooperation.

Cambodia positively appreciates the great help provided by China in promoting Cambodia’s economic development and improving people’s livelihood. The two sides will give full play to the role of the China-Cambodia development dialogue and cooperation mechanism, formulate a China-Cambodia development cooperation plan, continue to implement rural roads, water supply, schools, medical care, poverty reduction and other projects, and continue to support the Cambodian “King’s Working Group” to carry out more practical projects.

Both sides acknowledged that climate change poses a threat to the world and affects the survival of humans and animals and stressed the importance of preserving and maintaining natural resources. Both sides will strengthen cooperation in the field of environmental protection and continue to promote the construction of the Sihanoukville Low-Carbon Demonstration Zone in the South-South Cooperation on Climate Change between China and Cambodia.

Both sides reaffirmed the importance of maintaining peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region, opposed the formation of exclusive “small circles” and the creation of camp confrontation, and opposed the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the deployment of missiles, believing that this would trigger an arms race and endanger regional peace and stability. Both sides agreed to promote the building of an Asia-Pacific community with a shared future and make more contributions to the stability and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific region.

Cambodia highly appreciates China’s assistance in providing funds, personnel training and mine-clearing equipment, and China supports Cambodia in achieving the “2030 Mine-Free Goal”. China is willing to implement the Memorandum of Understanding on Mine-clearing Cooperation with Cambodia, and support Cambodia in clearing mine hazards through bilateral and multilateral cooperation.

Both sides believe that the South China Sea issue should be peacefully resolved by directly concerned sovereign states through friendly consultations and negotiations, and any attempt to use the South China Sea issue to undermine regional peace and mutual trust will be counterproductive. [As with the joint statement with Malaysia noted above, this represents a clear line of demarcation with the provocations and confrontations currently being pursued by the Philippines on this issue.] Both sides stressed the importance of maintaining peace, security and stability in the South China Sea, and called on all parties concerned to continue to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, deepen maritime cooperation, and reach a substantive and effective “Code of Conduct in the South China Sea” as soon as possible on the basis of consensus.

The two sides emphasised that China and Cambodia are both ancient civilisations with a long history. They jointly advocate respecting the diversity of world civilisations, promoting the common values of all mankind, and attaching importance to the inheritance and innovation of civilisations. They are willing to be role models in implementing the Global Civilisation Initiative, strengthen bilateral and multilateral cultural exchanges and cooperation, and promote exchanges and mutual learning among human civilisations.

China thanks Cambodia for co-sponsoring the Asian Cultural Heritage Protection Alliance and playing an active role in the alliance. The two sides will explore the establishment of a China-Cambodia joint cultural heritage working group to promote cooperation in all areas of cultural heritage. They will solidly advance the protection and restoration project of the royal palace ruins of Angkor Archaeological Park in Cambodia and carry out cooperation in the protection and restoration of Preah Vihear Temple and other cultural heritage sites. Cambodia appreciates China’s firm support for Cambodia’s cultural field, which is conducive to strengthening cooperation in cultural heritage protection, promoting cultural exchanges, and enhancing mutual understanding between the two peoples.

The two sides agreed to deepen cooperation in think tanks, sister cities, religions, ethnic groups, non-governmental organisations and other fields, continue to hold the China-Cambodia High-End Think Tank Forum, encourage strengthening the exchange of experience in ethnic affairs governance, and support the deepening of cooperation between the two countries’ non-governmental organisations.

During the visit, the two sides signed cooperation documents in the fields of production and supply chain cooperation, artificial intelligence, development aid, customs inspection and quarantine, health, and news media.

Both sides spoke highly of the fruitful results of President Xi Jinping’s visit, believing that the visit is of great milestone significance in consolidating the traditional friendship between China and Cambodia and promoting the construction of an all-weather China-Cambodia community with a shared future in the new era. President Xi Jinping thanked the Cambodian side for its warm and friendly reception and invited Cambodian leaders to visit China when convenient, and the Cambodian side happily accepted the invitation.

We republish below the full texts of the three joint statements. They were originally published by Nhân Dân and on the website of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. The joint statement with Cambodia has been machine translated from Chinese.

Joint statement between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the People’s Republic of China on continuing to deepen the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership and promoting the building of the Vietnam-China Community with Shared Future that Carries Strategic Significance

1. At the invitations of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam To Lam and President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Luong Cuong, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Vietnam from April 14 to 15, 2025.

During the visit, Party General Secretary and President Xi Jinping held talks with Party General Secretary To Lam and State President Luong Cuong and met with Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh and National Assembly Chairman Tran Thanh Man.

In an atmosphere of sincerity and friendship, the two sides informed each other about the situation of each Party and country, exchanged in-depth opinions and reached important common perceptions on continuing to deepen the Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership, promoting the building of a Vietnam-China community with a shared future that carries strategic significance, discussed international and regional issues of shared concern.

2. The two sides agreed to steadfastly promote the Vietnam-China friendship.

Entering a new era, with the strategic orientations of Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and Party General Secretary To Lam, and Party General Secretary and President Xi Jinping together with the leaders of the two Parties and countries, the Vietnam – China relationship has developed remarkably, especially since the declaration of the building of the Vietnam-China community with a shared future that carries strategic significance in December 2023. Up to now, the Vietnam – China relationship has entered a new stage with: higher political trust, more substantive defence – security cooperation, deeper and substantive cooperation, more solid social foundation, closer multilateral coordination, better controlled and resolved differences; comprehensive strategic cooperation has achieved many great results, bringing practical benefits to the people of the two countries.

The two sides agreed that it is necessary to firmly support each other in maintaining strategic autonomy and autonomously choosing a development path suitable to the situation of their countries; persistently following the political orientations of the top leaders of the two Parties and countries, considering the development of the other side as an opportunity for their own development, persistently perceiving and developing the Vietnam-China relationship from a strategic height and long-term vision, persistently following the motto of “friendly neighbourliness, comprehensive cooperation, long-term stability, looking towards the future”, the spirit of “good neighbours, good friends, good comrades, good partners” and “six major orientations”. They will take the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the diplomatic relations as an opportunity to continue to deepen the Comprehensive Strategic Cooperative Partnership, promote the building of the Vietnam-China community with a shared future that carries strategic significance, enhance mutually beneficial cooperation between the two sides with higher quality, deepen strategic coordination, bring more practical benefits to the people of the two countries, make important contributions to the stable development of the region and the cause of peace and progress of humanity, and create a positive model for building a community with a shared future of humanity.

3. The two sides reaffirmed the need to firmly support each other on the path to socialism in accordance with each country’s situation

The Vietnamese side warmly congratulated China on successfully holding the “Two Sessions” [the sessions of the sessions of the National People’s Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference], and on its historic achievements and historic changes in its socio-economic development. Vietnam supported China in comprehensively promoting the national rejuvenation process through Chinese-style modernisation, and held that China’s continued comprehensive reform, opening-up, and high-quality development would bring new opportunities for the modernisation process of developing countries, including Vietnam.

The Vietnamese side wished and believed that, under the steadfast leadership of the Communist Party of China Central Committee with Xi Jinping as the core, and the guide of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the Party, Government and people of China will certainly complete the goals and tasks of the 14th five-year plan with high quality, comprehensively build a modern socialist power, and successfully realise the second centenary goal.

The Chinese side warmly congratulated Vietnam on the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It highly valued the country’s important achievements in nearly 40 years of doi moi (renewal), nearly 15 years of implementing the “Platform for national construction in the period of transition to socialism” (supplemented and developed in 2011). Vietnam has promoted high economic growth, significantly improved people’s life, deeply integrated into global politics, the world economy and human civilisation, undertaken many important international responsibilities, and played an increasingly active role in international organisations and multilateral forums. The Chinese side wished and believed that under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee headed by General Secretary To Lam, the Party, State and people of Vietnam will certainly successfully implement the goals and tasks set by the 13th National Party Congress, prepare well and successfully organise the 14th National Party Congress in 2026, bring the country into a new era of development, successfully build a socialist Vietnam with rich people, strong country, democracy, equality and civilisation. China reaffirmed its support for Vietnam’s efforts for prosperous development, the happiness of its people, a strong, independent, and self-reliant economy, comprehensive promotion of reform, industrialisation, modernisation, international integration, the expansion of its foreign relations, and its enhanced role for peace, stability, development, and prosperity in the region and the world.

4. The two sides determined that it is necessary to work together to raise strategic trust to a higher level

The two sides reaffirmed that high-level orientations, especially strategic ones of the top leaders of the two Parties and countries, play an irreplaceable and important role in the stable and healthy development of Vietnam-China relations. They agreed to continue strengthening high-level exchanges between the two Parties and countries through various forms such as mutual visits, sending special envoys, maintaining hotlines, and letter exchanges. They emphasised the importance of timely communications on bilateral relations between the two Parties and States, major and important issues of mutual concern, as well as the current international and regional situation, in order to firmly grasp the correct direction for the development of Vietnam–China ties.

Both sides also agreed to continue to fully promote the special role of the Party channel, further strengthen the role of the exchange and cooperation mechanism between the two Parties, especially high-level meetings and theoretical seminars between the two Parties; improve the effectiveness of exchange and cooperation between the respective agencies of the two Parties at the central level, local party organisations of the two countries, especially the border provinces (regions). Through theoretical seminars, and cooperation in personnel training, and delegation exchanges via the Party channel, both sides will comprehensively implement exchanges of theory and practical experiences in Party building and national governance, and work together to deepen mutual understanding of the Party’s leadership role, advance the socialist cause in the context of unprecedented changes in the world, thus contributing to Party building and the development of socialism in both countries.

The two sides will further strengthen friendly exchanges and cooperation between the National Assembly of Vietnam and the National People’s Congress of China, the Vietnamese Government and the Chinese Government, the Vietnam Fatherland Front and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. They will well organise the meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary Cooperation Committee between the National Assembly of Vietnam and the Chinese People’s Congress, friendly exchanges between the Vietnam Fatherland Front Central Committee and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and the VFF and CPPCC organisations of border provinces.

Promoting the coordinating role of the Vietnam-China Bilateral Cooperation Steering Committee, direct the two countries’ ministries, sectors and localities to promote the building of the Vietnam-China Community with a shared future; and deepen political security cooperation, establish the “3+3” strategic dialogue mechanism on diplomacy, defense and public security between Vietnam and China at the ministerial level and organise the first ministerial-level conference at an appropriate time.

Continuing to effectively implement the Agreement on further deepening cooperation in the new situation between the two countries’ foreign ministries; maintain regular contacts between leaders of the two foreign ministries, including the Strategic Consultation at the Permanent Deputy Minister level, annual diplomatic consultation, enhance exchanges at the department (office) level, effectively implement the personnel training plan, and facilitate the improvement of headquarters and housing conditions of the two countries’ diplomatic missions; and support the Vietnamese Consulate General in Chongqing to officially come into operation in the first half of 2025.

The Vietnamese side affirmed its adherence to the “one China” policy, recognising that there is only one China in the world, that the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legitimate government representing all of China, and that Taiwan is an inseparable part of Chinese territory. It supported the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and the cause of China’s unification, resolutely opposes any separatist activity seeking “Taiwan independence”, and consistently backed the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. The Vietnamese side does not develop any state-level relations with Taiwan. The Vietnamese side held that the issues of Hong Kong, Xinjiang, and Tibet are China’s internal affairs, and supported China in maintaining the stable development of Hong Kong, Xinjiang, and Tibet. The Chinese side expressed its appreciation for these stances of Vietnam and expressed its support for Vietnam in maintaining social stability, ensuring national security, development, and national unity.

5. The two sides reaffirmed the need to build a more substantive pillar of national defence-security cooperation

National defence-security cooperation is one of the pillars of the Vietnam-China relationship, contributing significantly to consolidating strategic trust between the two Parties and the two countries. The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation mechanisms on national defence, public security, security, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Procuracy, enhance exchanges between the respective judicial agencies of the two countries, and promote the following key cooperation:

The two sides vowed to increase high-level and all-level exchanges between their armies; uphold the role of mechanisms such as the Border Defence Friendship Exchange and the Defence Strategic Dialogue; bolster exchanges and cooperation between armies in areas such as political work, personnel training, strategic research, and joint research; strengthen cooperation in defence industry, joint exercises and training, and mutual naval ship visits; continue to expand cooperation in areas such as medical logistics, UN peacekeeping and non-traditional security; deepen border cooperation, strengthen coordination in border management, deploy joint border patrols on land, encourage border guards of the two countries to establish frienships, and enhance friendly exchanges in border areas; uphold the role of the joint patrol mechanism in the Gulf of Tonkin, effectively deploy joint patrol activities in the Gulf of Tonkin, deepen the exchange and cooperation mechanism between the navies and coast guards of the two countries.

They pledged to increase high-level exchanges between law enforcement agencies; uphold the role of the mechanisms of the Ministerial Conference on Crime Prevention, the Deputy Ministerial Strategic Security Dialogue, the Deputy Ministerial Dialogue on Political Security; effectively deploy cooperation in the fields of security, intelligence, counter-terrorism, and accelerate the opening of a hotline between the two Ministers of Public Security; coordinate the prevention of cross-border crimes; deepen cooperation between the Vietnamese Ministry of Public Security and Chinese security and law enforcement agencies, enhance cooperation in counter-terrorism, prevention of telecommunications fraud, cyber security, economic crimes and human trafficking, immigration management, and arrest of criminals who have fled abroad; strengthen information exchange and experience sharing in counter-intervention, counter-separatism, and prevention of “colour revolution” and “peaceful evolution” by hostile forces; expand cooperation between the Vietnamese Ministry of Public Security and the Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management; strengthen cooperation in the legal and judicial fields, effectively implement the Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation between the Vietnamese Ministry of Public Security and the Chinese Ministry of Justice and between the Ministries of Justice of the two countries; organise the first conference between judicial administrative agencies of the provinces sharing the border this year, continuously improve the judicial support mechanism, and enhance learning and exchange of experience in building a socialist rule-of-law state.

6. The two sides agreed to consider China’s development of new quality productive forces and Vietnam’s development of new production forces as opportunities to build a more comprehensive and extensive cooperation structure.

They will accelerate the connection of development strategies between the two countries, effectively implement the Cooperation Plan connecting the “Two Corridors, One Belt” Framework with the “Belt and Road” Initiative; prioritise accelerating infrastructure connection in terms of railway, expressway, and border gate infrastructure.

Both sides will promote the role of the Vietnam-China Joint Committee on Railway Cooperation, effectively implement the Agreement between the Government of Vietnam and the Government of China on cooperation in implementing standard gauge railway projects connecting Vietnam and China, and step up standard gauge railway connections across the border. China is willing to work with Vietnam to study and deploy cooperation in technology and human resource training. The two sides appreciated China’s approval of the Technical Assistance (TA) to launch a Feasibility Study (F/S) for the Lao Cai – Hanoi – Hai Phong standard gauge railway and agreed to soon implement the F/S, strive to start construction soon; accelerate the study of a plan for a railway section connecting Lao Cai – Ha Khau, creating a basis for early implementation of the plan. They welcomed the signing of the Official Letter of Assistance to establish the planning of the two standard gauge railways Dong Dang – Hanoi and Mong Cai – Ha Long – Hai Phong.

They promised to reinforce cooperation in road construction techniques; appreciated the commencement of construction of the road bridge across the Red River in the Bat Xat (Vietnam) – Ba Sai (China) area, accelerate the construction of cross-border traffic works at the Thanh Thuy (Vietnam) – Tianbao (China) international border gate. They will continue to uphold the role of the Vietnam-China Land Border Gate Management Cooperation Committee, hasten the construction of smart border gates at customs clearance points and dedicated routes for transporting goods in the areas of markers 1088/2 – 1089 and markers 119 – 1120 of the Huu Nghi (Vietnam) – Youyi Guan (China) international border gate, consider expanding this model to other eligible border gates, including Mong Cai – Dongxing border gate, upgrade “soft connectivity” on smart customs; support the increased cooperation in road, air and railway transport; continue the amendment of the Border Railway Agreement, develop Vietnam-China international railway transport, restore international passenger transport, open more cross-border railway transport routes between Vietnam and China; facilitate inspection, quarantine and export-import of goods at railway border gates. On the basis of compliance with the rules governing take-off and landing times, they will create conditions for the extension and addition of take-off and landing times for airlines to exploit each other’s markets, and encourage airlines to restore and open more flights according to market demand. The two sides welcome Vietnamese aviation companies to put Chinese commercial aircraft into operation in various forms, and support the further strengthening of cooperation in the field of commercial aircraft manufactured in China.

Strengthening strategic connections between their economies, linking regional development strategies including the Guangdong – Hong Kong – Macao Greater Bay Area and the Yangtze River Delta region, and extending the economic corridor in the “Two Corridors, One Belt” region to Chongqing. The two sides encourage and support capable and prestigious companies with advanced technology to invest in each other’s countries, create a fair and favourable business environment for enterprises. Welcoming the cooperation between the two countries’ enterprises in researching and applying 5G technology. Enhancing collaboration in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, clean energy, green development, and digital economy. Promoting the role of the working group on studying the development of a Vietnam – China cross-border economic cooperation zone model while actively considering the pilot implementation of a cross-border economic cooperation model and jointly building safe and stable industrial and supply chains. Both sides agreed to deepen experience exchanges on state-owned enterprise reform and management, and carry out cooperation in human resources training. Promoting the efficacy of the working group on financial – monetary cooperation between the two countries, increasing information and experience sharing on policy administration and reforms in the financial – monetary area, properly implementing bilateral retail payment cooperation through QR codes, considering the expansion of payments in local currencies, as well as improving financial risk prevention capabilities. Considering cooperation in the field of key minerals in accordance with each country’s legal regulations and industrial policies. Accelerating the implementation of the Vietnam Traditional Medicine Academy – Campus 2 project, the maintenance of the Vietnam – China Friendship Palace, and other public welfare cooperation projects.

The two sides concurred in leveraging the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the ASEAN – China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) to develop bilateral trade in a balanced manner. Bringing into play the role of the Trade Facilitation Working Group and the E-commerce Cooperation Working Group, continuing to tap into bilateral trade potential, and promoting e-commerce cooperation between enterprises of the two countries; and through dialogue and consultation, resolving trade-related differences and further expanding the space for cooperation between the two sides’ businesses.

The two sides welcomed the signing of protocols for Vietnamese exports to China such as chili, passion fruit, raw and cleaned bird’s nests, and rice bran. China is actively handling procedures for officially licensing Vietnamese agricultural products, including citrus fruits and plant-based medicinal materials. The Vietnamese side will accelerate the import of sturgeon from China. The two sides are unanimous in strengthening customs cooperation, expanding the export of products of their strength, and properly implement the mutual recognition plan for “Authorised Economic Operator” (AEO) and the “single window” cooperation. The Chinese side welcomed Vietnam’s organisation of trade promotion activities and the advertising of Vietnamese goods brands in China, and is ready to facilitate the early establishment of additional Vietnamese trade promotion offices in Haikou (Hainan) and other relevant localities. The two sides agreed to coordinate to improve customs clearance efficiency at border gates, crossings, and pairs of border markets to reduce customs clearance pressure.

Continuing to promote the role of the Vietnam – China Joint Committee on Agricultural Cooperation and the Joint Committee on Fishery in the Gulf of Tonkin, promoting substantive cooperation in areas such as high-tech agriculture, including crop cultivation and intensive processing of agricultural products, food security, and comprehensive disease control. The two sides agreed to soon discuss and sign an agreement on fishery cooperation in the Gulf of Tonkin and implement cooperation in the release and protection of aquatic resources in the Gulf of Tonkin. Properly implementing the agreement on establishing a hotline to deal with unexpected fishery incidents in the Vietnam – China waters and the agreement on maritime search and rescue cooperation.

Enhancing cooperation in dealing with environmental pollution, especially air pollution in urban areas; enhancing cooperation in disaster prevention, control and mitigation, climate change response, water resources and meteorology, exchanging hydrological information in the flood seasons, while strengthening cooperation in comprehensive water resources management. Striving to make science and technology cooperation a new highlight in the bilateral relations, considering to carry out cooperation in fields such as AI, semiconductor, and nuclear energy. Properly implementing the Vietnam – China agreement on scientific and technical cooperation, continuing to leverage the role of the Joint Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, deepening policy connections on science, technology and innovation, and launching joint research on health care, pharmaceutical, disaster prevention, control and mitigation, clean energy, and green agriculture. Bolstering cooperation in technological human resources, and promoting collaboration in technology transfer and innovative entrepreneurship. Encouraging cooperation projects on technology research and development, and human resources exchanges between research institutions and enterprises of the two sides. Stepping up collaboration in nuclear safety regulatory management and standardisation; considering cooperation in nuclear power development, continuing to effectively implement the agreement on intellectual property cooperation, and considering the cooperation in studying the possibility of mutual protection of geographical indications. Continuing to promote exchanges and cooperation in health care, health management, infectious disease prevention and control, and traditional medicine.

7. The two sides need to work together to consolidate the social foundation of the Vietnam – China community with a shared future

The two sides reaffirmed the necessity to view the 75th anniversary of the diplomatic relations and the Year of Vietnam – China Humanistic Exchange 2025 as an opportunity to properly hold people-binding, heartfelt, and practical humanistic exchange activities to help strengthen the social foundation. Fully utilising the “red resource” in exchanges between the two Parties. China invited the Vietnamese youth to China to implement the “red journey youth: research and study” programme to enhance mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples, especially the two countries’ younger generations.

The two sides emphasised that communications agencies of both Parties should bolster communications and education about the traditional friendship between the two Parties and the two countries, along with the Vietnam – China comprehensive strategic cooperation. Enhancing cooperation between press, media, publication, and broadcasting agencies. The two sides agreed to effectively implement the memorandum of understanding between the two countries’ regulatory authorities on digital communications, and continuing to promote cooperation in the translation and distribution of outstanding audiovisual works from the two countries. Promoting the implementation of the project on translating the classical works of Vietnam and China.

Supporting the two countries’ localities, especially border provinces, in conducting exchanges and cooperation, and highly valuing the achievements of mechanisms such as the spring meeting between the Party Secretaries of Quang Ninh, Lang Son, Cao Bang, Ha Giang provinces and the Party Secretary of Guangxi, and the annual conference between the Party Secretaries of Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Dien Bien, and Lai Chau provinces and the Party Secretary of Yunnan. Increasing exchanges between mass organisations such as labour unions, women’s unions, youth organisations, as well as between the localities having friendly relations with each other. Continuing to well organise established activities such as the Vietnam – China Youth Friendship Meeting, the Vietnam – China People’s Forum, and the Border People’s Festival.

The two sides will practically implement the implementation plan for cultural – tourism cooperation for 2023–2027 between the cultural and tourism authorities of the two countries, and encourage cultural organisations and art troupes from the two countries to engage in exchanges and cooperation. Vietnam supports the Hanoi-based China Cultural Centre in carrying out activities. China welcomes Vietnam’s coming establishment of a Cultural Centre in Beijing. Increasing information sharing and the coordination of tourism policies between the two countries, jointly operating tourism routes, building tourism products, and promoting the healthy development of the tourism industry. Efficiently operating the Ban Gioc (Vietnam) –Detian (China) waterfalls landscape site, and encouraging tourists from one side to travel to the other.

The two sides agree to properly carry out the Vietnam – China education cooperation agreement, and boost exchanges between teachers, students, and scholars. China welcomes and encourages more outstanding Vietnamese students to study and do research in China while being ready to continue providing more scholarships on courses in China. Deepening cooperation in vocational training; promoting language education and exchanges between the two countries, jointly providing training for Vietnamese teachers of Chinese language, effectively implementing the scholarships on the international Chinese language teacher programme that China provides for Vietnam; and actively bringing into play the role of the Confucius Institute at Hanoi University and the “Chinese Bridge” competition, thus intensifying educational cooperation. Bolstering exchanges between universities, colleges, and research institutions of the two countries.

8. The two sides agreed to forge closer multilateral strategy coordination

The two sides affirmed to strengthen multilateral coordination and cooperation in line with the process of building a Vietnam – China Community with a shared future that carries strategic significance. This year marks the 80th founding anniversary of the United Nations. The two sides reaffirmed the perseverance to defend the international system with the United Nations as its core, the international order with international law as its foundation, and the adherence to the “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence” and the basic norms of international relations with the purpose and principles of the United Nations Charter as the cornerstone. Vietnam congratulated China on the successful commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the proclamation of the “Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence”. Facing the uncertainty, instability and unpredictability of the international situation, the two sides will firmly uphold multilateralism, jointly safeguard international fairness and justice and the common interests of developing countries; maintain solidarity and cooperation in the international community, promote the common values of humanity on peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom; support an equal and orderly multipolar world and the globalisation of inclusive economy, bringing about common benefits and developing global governance in a more equitable and reasonable direction. The two sides emphasised the joint opposition to hegemony and power politics, to unilateralism in all forms, and to actions that jeopardise regional peace and stability.

The two sides agreed to promote appropriate cooperation within the framework of major perspectives and initiatives such as building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilisation Initiative, and jointly respond to global challenges. The two sides are willing to jointly implement cooperation within the framework of the Global Civilisation Initiative, jointly promote cultural exchanges, and strengthen emotional connections between people of the two sides. Actively implementing the memorandum of understanding between the two countries on enhancing cooperation in human resources development within the framework of the Global Development Initiative. Effectively implementing cooperation documents to promote the Global Development Initiative and the high-quality Belt and Road connectivity. Supporting connectivity between China and the countries in the Mekong sub-region.

Strengthening coordination and cooperation within the framework of multilateral mechanisms such as the United Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC), the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and supporting each other in running for positions in international organisations. Vietnam highly values the important role of the BRICS in promoting solidarity and cooperation among emerging economies, is ready for discussion about becoming a partner country of BRICS, and is willing to strengthen cooperation with the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

The two sides paid attention to the trade and investment restrictions and reaffirmed the commitment to maintaining an open, transparent, inclusive, and non-discriminatory multilateral trading system, with the World Trade Organisation (WTO) at its core and rules-based governance as the foundation, and to promoting economic globalisation to develop in an open and inclusive direction that brings about common, balanced, and win-win benefits.

The two sides will work together to well implement the “Initiative on International Trade and Economic Cooperation Framework for Digital Economy and Green Development”; promote the high-quality implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP); actively welcome the application of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China) to join the RCEP. The Vietnamese side supports China’s accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) in accordance with the standards and procedures of the Agreement. The two sides underscored the importance of cooperation in combating cybercrime, welcomed the adoption of the “United Nations Convention on Cybercrime” by the United Nations General Assembly, and called on countries to actively sign and ratify the Convention, enabling its early entry into force. China expressed support for Vietnam’s organisation of the signing ceremony for the Convention in Hanoi in 2025. Vietnam supports China’s hosting of the APEC Summit in 2026, while China supports Vietnam’s hosting of APEC in 2027. The two sides pledged to strengthen discussion and coordinate closely to ensure the success of these events.

The two sides emphasised the importance of maintaining peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region and jointly promoting open regional cooperation. China supports ASEAN in building a united, inclusive, resilient and developing ASEAN Community, supports ASEAN in maintaining its central role in the ever-changing Asia-Pacific regional architecture, stands ready to work with ASEAN countries to promote the initiative of building “Five Common Homes” featuring peace, security, prosperity, beauty, and friendship; accelerates the signing and implementation of the ASEAN – China Free Trade Area version 3.0 (ACFTA 3.0), and strives to promote regional economic integration at a higher level. The two sides agreed to continue coordination in promoting the Mekong-Lancang Cooperation (MLC) and economic cooperation in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) to realise the GMS Vision to develop a more integrated, prosperous, sustainable, and inclusive subregion; strive to promote the building of a community with a shared future among Mekong – Lancang countries for peace and prosperity; and successfully organise the 5th Mekong – Lancang Cooperation (MLC) Leaders’ Meeting and the 10th Mekong – Lancang Cooperation Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in 2025. China supports Vietnam in assuming the co-chairmanship of the Mekong – Lancang cooperation for the 2026-2027 period, and the two sides will closely coordinate and co-chair relevant meetings of the mechanism.

9. The two sides agreed to properly manage and resolve differences, while safeguarding the overall friendly relations between Vietnam and China

The two sides held sincere and candid discussions on sea-related issues, emphasising the need for better management and active resolution of sea-related differences, and for joint maintenance of peace and stability in the East Sea/South China Sea. The two sides agreed to abide by the important common perceptions reached by the top leaders of the two Parties and the two countries; persist in friendly consultations to actively seek fundamental and long-term solutions that are acceptable to both sides and accord with the agreement on basic principles guiding the settlement of sea-related issues between Vietnam and China, international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The two sides pledged not to take any actions that may complicate the situation or expand disputes, and to work together to maintain stability at sea. Stepping up negotiations for the delimitation of sea areas beyond the mouth of the Gulf of Tonkin, and for the cooperation for mutual development at sea to soon achieve substantive progress; actively implementing cooperation in less sensitive areas at sea; and strengthening cooperation in maritime search and rescue.

The two sides pledged to push ahead with the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the East Sea (DOC) and, through consultation and consensus, to soon reach a substantive and effective Code of Conduct in the East Sea (COC) that is in accordance with international law, including the 1982 UNCLOS.

The two sides agreed to properly bring into play the roles of the Land Border Joint Committee and the Committee on land border gate management cooperation between Vietnam and China, continue to promote the effective implementation of the three legal documents on the Vietnam – China land border and the related agreements; enhance border area management; actively promote the opening and upgrade of border gates; and continuing to well implement the agreement on the travel of vessels in the free navigation area at the mouth of the Bac Luan/Beilun River.

10. The two sides agreed to effectively implement the cooperation documents signed during the visit

11. The two sides agreed that the state visit to Vietnam by Party General Secretary and President of China Xi Jinping was a great success and marked a significant milestone in the history of relations between the two Parties and the two countries, importantly contributing to promoting the traditional Vietnam – China friendship, advancing the building of a Vietnam – China Community with a shared future that carries strategic significance in the new context, and promoting peace, stability, prosperity, and development in the region and the world. The two Parties and the peoples of both countries expressed genuine satisfaction with the outcomes of the visit.

Party General Secretary and President of China Xi Jinping expressed his sincere thanks to Party General Secretary To Lam, State President Luong Cuong, and other leaders of the Vietnamese Party and State, and the people of Vietnam for their warm, respectful, and friendly reception; cordially invited Party General Secretary To Lam and State President Luong Cuong to visit China at an early date. Party General Secretary To Lam and State President Luong Cuong thanked and gladly accepted the invitation.

Joint Statement Between the People’s Republic of China and Malaysia on Building a High-level Strategic China-Malaysia Community with a Shared Future

1.At the invitation of His Majesty Sultan Ibrahim, King of Malaysia, H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China paid a State Visit to Malaysia from 15 to 17 April 2025. During the visit, President Xi Jinping met with Sultan Ibrahim, held talks with H.E. Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister of Malaysia. The two sides had in-depth exchanges of views on regional and international issues of mutual interest, and reached a broad consensus. Both sides agreed to build a high-level strategic China-Malaysia community with a shared future to accelerate their modernisation efforts and jointly promote regional and global prosperity and stability.

2.Both leaders agreed that the two countries are close neighbours for thousands of years, sincere partners for common development, true friends connected by hearts, and important forces for maintaining peace. Since the establishment of China-Malaysia diplomatic relations on 31 May 1974, the friendship has witnessed profound changes over the past half-century, the bilateral relations have been continuously strengthened and demonstrated renewed vigor and vitality especially after entering the new era. Since the establishment of the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Malaysia in 2013, the bilateral cooperation in various fields has yielded fruitful results and indeed delivered tangible benefits to their peoples. In 2023, President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim reached an important consensus on jointly building a China-Malaysia community with a shared future, making a historic milestone that guides the development of bilateral relations, further expands strategic cooperation, and opens a new chapter in China-Malaysia relations.

3.The two countries highly commended the success of a series of celebrations for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of China-Malaysia diplomatic relations and the Year of China-Malaysia Friendship. Both sides stressed that China-Malaysia relations have made significant progress, driven by the strategic guidance of their leaders and rooted in the deep and traditional friendship between their peoples. The key elements of this relationship include their commitment to maintaining independent strategies, seeking common development, fostering sincerity and mutual trust, and uphold fairness and justice. The two countries developed a valuable friendship throughout their long history and are poised to enter a new chapter of cooperation in the new era. Both sides will maintain and develop their good practices and valuable experience, commit to shared values, advance comprehensive strategic cooperation to a higher level, strengthen mutual trust and solidarity, jointly pursue development that benefits both nations and the region, and embark on a brighter future for China-Malaysia relations.

4.Malaysia admired China’s historic achievements and reform in the new era, and acknowledged its significant contributions to preserving regional and global peace, stability and sustainable development under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. Malaysia appreciated China’s pursuit of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization, and believed further deepening the reform comprehensively and high-level opening up will bring new impetus and opportunities for bilateral cooperation and development of countries and regions. China commended Malaysia’s remarkable economic and social achievements of Malaysia since its independence 68 years ago, supports the Malaysian government in advancing the governance concept of “Malaysia MADANI”, and looks forward to greater achievements in Malaysia’s nation building and development.

5.Both leaders agreed that China and Malaysia are important developing countries in Asia-Pacific, representatives of emerging economies and important participants of the Global South. The joint construction of a high-level strategic China-Malaysia community with a shared future is crucial to not only their peoples but also the future of this region, enhancing the unity and cooperation of the Global South.

Both leaders stressed that, in facing changes of the world, of our times and of history, by upholding mutual respect for each Party’s domestic laws, rules, regulations and policies, the two countries will commit to a strategic and long-term perspective, enhance strategic coordination, deepen practical cooperation, follow the comprehensive blueprint for building a China-Malaysia community with a shared future. China and Malaysia will share opportunities, seek common development, address challenges and preserve security together, bringing more contributions to upholding regional peace and stability, consolidating the regional cooperation framework and improving the reform of global governance.

Strengthening Strategic Coordination

6.Both leaders agreed to maintain close high-level interaction and strengthen strategic communication and mutual trust so as to provide strategic guidance for long-term and stable development of bilateral relations.

7.Both sides reiterated their firm mutual support on issues concerning each other’s core interests and major concerns of each other. China reaffirmed its commitment to the Principle of Amity, Sincerity, Mutual Benefit and Inclusiveness in Neighborhood Diplomacy as well as its policy of building friendships and partnerships with neighbouring countries.

8.The two sides firmly support each other in safeguarding national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, and making efforts to promote national unity, stability, development and prosperity. Malaysia reiterates its firm commitment to the One China Policy, as per the Joint Communique signed by the leaders of both countries on 31 May 1974. Consistent with the One China Policy, Malaysia recognises the Government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, Taiwan is an inalienable territory of the People’s Republic of China, and in order for China to achieve national reunification, will not support any call for the independence of Taiwan.

9.Both sides agreed to establish the Joint Foreign and Defense Dialogue Mechanism to further expand channels for high-level strategic communication and platforms for political security cooperation.

10.Both sides will further strengthen exchanges of experience on governance, promote interactions among central and local governments, legislatures, and political parties, and explore building dialogue and exchange mechanisms· among ruling parties to enhance policy communication to further consolidate the political foundation for bilateral relations.

11.Both sides agreed to improve and make good use of the cooperation mechanisms for national security, defense and law enforcement, and carry out more exchanges and cooperation in fields such as joint exercises and training, exchange visits, and courses for officials. Both sides reiterated their opposition to any form of terrorism, and will jointly combat transnational crime to contribute to regional peace and stability.

Deepening Synergy of Development

12.Both sides agreed, to the extent practicable, to become a pacesetter for regional cooperation on new quality productive forces, promote the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative Cooperation Plan signed in 2024 and further synergise development strategies. Focusing on four key areas of digital economy, green economy, blue economy and tourism economy, the two sides will expand future economic cooperation, promote integrated, coordinated and complementary development, achieve deep integration of industrial and supply chains, value chains, data chains and talent chains, so as to further improve the level and quality of China-Malaysia cooperation.

13.Both sides spoke highly of the nearly thousand-fold increase in bilateral trade volume in the past 50 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations, and will jointly implement the Five-Year Programme for Economic and Trade Cooperation (2024-2028) to consolidate the outcomes of economic and trade cooperation and expand the trade scale.

14.Both sides agreed to jointly build a safe and stable industrial and supply chain and strengthen cooperation in this regard. Both sides will encourage two-way investment and strengthen exchanges and cooperation in areas of high value high growth (HVHG) industry such as manufacturing, intellectual property, digital economy, research and innovation, green and sustainable investment and logistics development. This strategic focus will attract quality investments, accelerate technology adoption, and strengthen Malaysia’s role in global supply chains.

15.The two sides will promote the upgrading of the “Two Countries, Twin Park” cooperation, support the high-quality development of the economic and trade cooperation zones, and provide a better business environment for their enterprises.

16.Recognising the importance of a high-level bilateral investment agreement in promoting investment cooperation, the two sides acknowledged the possibility of future engagement to explore ways to further enhance liberalisation and facilitation of two-way investment and to improve the level of investment protection, within the context of the current bilateral investment agreement.

17.Both sides will jointly explore cooperation on new quality productive forces, create new growth points in cutting-edge areas such as advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence and quantum technology, deepen smart city cooperation, and strengthen the integrated development of industrial and supply chains. The Malaysian side welcomes Chinese enterprises to participate in the construction of Malaysia’s 5G network. Both sides look forward to explore potential cooperation in the semiconductor industrial chain to the extent practicable to maintain the stability of the industrial and supply chains.

18.Both sides recognised that e-commerce is a vital catalyst for trade and economic growth, innovation, and the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Building upon the longstanding collaboration in this area, both sides will deepen cooperation in the e-commerce ecosystem, to contribute towards greater, sustainable economic linkages, and bring about tangible benefits to our economies.

19.Both sides will continue to encourage enterprises to promote cooperation in the field of new energy based on business principles, and jointly create new forms of green economy. The two sides will explore and promote cooperation on rail equipment, aerospace and nuclear power, support Malaysian airlines in introducing and operating Chinese commercial aircraft, and facilitate the industrial upgrading and energy transformation of each other.

20.Both sides agreed to enhance cooperation on infrastructure connectivity, jointly implement key projects such as East Coast Rail Link, promote rail-sea transportation and improve regional connectivity. Both countries encourage their ports to strengthen cooperation and facilitate the development of blue economy. Both sides are committed to exploring and creating more strategic and iconic cooperation projects based on the principle of mutual trust, mutual benefit, mutually agreed, and win-win results.

21.Both sides are committed to a comprehensive aviation cooperation and will strengthen the technical exchange of civil aviation expertise, enhance aviation logistics cooperation between Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, to realise the common vision of a seamless Air Silk Road between ASEAN and China.

22.Both countries reaffirmed their commitment to strengthen rail transportation and infrastructure cooperation and contribute to the realisation of the Pan-Asian Railway vision.

23.Both sides will make full use of the intergovernmental Joint Committee on Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation, implement the China-Malaysia Joint Research Project and Science and Technology People-to-People Exchange Programme, together promote the establishment of joint research and development platforms such as joint laboratory, enhance the cooperation on science park and technology transfer, and continue to deepen the bilateral science and innovation cooperation in emerging technologies.

24.Both sides recognised the significant potential to strengthen partnerships under the Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of Malaysia on Space Cooperation and the Peaceful Use of Outer Space cooperation framework to advance space capabilities, foster the development of the new space economy, drive technological advancements, and contribute to national security. The two countries expressed their readiness to pursue these initiatives, guided by the principles of equality and mutual benefits.

25.Both sides acknowledged that the Agreement on Cooperation in Vaccine Development and Accessibility has facilitated expert technical training for the two countries, advancing collaboration in human vaccine development. It has also strengthened capabilities in vaccine innovation through technology transfer, expert exchange, and resource sharing.

26.Both sides will explore the possibility of cooperation within the framework of Import& Export Food Safety Mechanism for the Countries of the Belt & Road Initiative, and are willing to expand trade in agricultural products. The Chinese side will actively attend the international exhibitions held in Malaysia such as the Malaysia International Halal Showcase (MIHAS) and the International Greentech & Eco Products Exhibition & Conference Malaysia (IGEM). China also，welcomes Malaysia to continue promoting Malaysian products and expanding exports to China through platforms such as the China International Import Expo (CIIE), the Global Digital Trade Expo (GDTE) and the China-ASEAN Expo (CAEXPO).

27.Both sides adhere to the people-centred development concept and will expand cooperation on poverty reduction and agricultural and rural revitalisation. Leveraging China’s successful experiences in targeted poverty alleviation and rural development, Malaysia seeks to integrate best practices into its national development initiatives, including the current Five-Year Development Plan, Ekonomi MADANI and its commitment towards achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs). The two sides will harness the established Joint Working Group on Agricultural Cooperation effectively to facilitate knowledge sharing, technical exchanges and capacity-building programs. Key priority areas include enhancing data-driven poverty alleviation through some platforms, adopting innovative agricultural technologies like precision agriculture to support initiatives such as the People’s Income Initiative (IPR) and promoting rural economic growth through e-commerce. By strengthening these mechanisms, both countries aim to foster inclusive growth, resilience, and equitable development that directly benefits grassroots communities, particularly marginalised groups such as rural poor, women, youth, Bumiputera and indigenous populations including the Orang Asli.

28.Both sides look forward to continuing their cooperation on agriculture. The two sides will make full use of the Joint Working Group on Agricultural Cooperation to strengthen cooperation on agricultural modernisation and agricultural technology innovation.

29.Both sides reaffirm their commitment to strengthening tourism cooperation and will intensify joint promotional efforts to attract more visitors from each other’s regions. Emphasis will also be placed on fostering a safe, seamless, and welcoming tourism environment while promoting deeper cultural exchanges and mutual understanding between their peoples.

Tightening People-to-People Bonds

30.The two countries jointly advocate the diversity, coexistence, harmony and inclusiveness of civilisations, promote meaningful Islam-Confucianism dialogue, fostering interfaith understanding and cultural exchange, foster the common development of Chinese and Islamic civilisations through mutual learning, and together practice Asian values centered on peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness.

31.The two countries speak highly of the official signing of the visa exemption agreements and believe that it will further facilitate two-way personnel exchanges, continuously deepen exchanges and cooperation on education, cultural tourism and sports, and strengthen mutual understanding and friendship between their peoples, especially the younger generation.

32.The two sides will facilitate the Implementation Plan of the Bilateral Cultural Cooperation Agreement (2024-2029) to carry out cultural exchange activities with diverse forms and rich connotation, strengthen cooperation in film and animation industries. Malaysia will facilitate the efforts of the Chinese Cultural Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to further promote cultural exchanges between both countries.

33.The two countries are pleased to see that pandas in Malaysia are warmly welcomed by the Malaysian people and have become an important symbol of China-Malaysia friendship. The two sides agreed to continue to conduct joint research on panda protection and expect to achieve more progress in this field.

34.The two sides agreed to comprehensively enhance bilateral education cooperation, strengthen cooperation on vocational education, joint scientific research and digital education, and support Xiamen University and the University of Malaya in jointly building the China-Malaysia International Institute for Advanced Studies, support Peking University and the University of Malaya to establish China-Malaysia AI+New Materials Joint Laboratory, support Zhejiang University in collaborating with the Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation (MDEC) in areas related to digital transformation, AI and smart cities, support the co-establishment of Belt and Road joint laboratories by universities from the two countries, welcome the Communication University of China and Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman to co-establish the ASEAN Research Center of Community with a Shared Future. The two countries agreed to support interactions between think tanks and higher educational institutions to promote mutual visits among academic staff and students, encourage two-way student exchanges and continuously enhance mutual learning between the two countries.

35.The two sides noted the implementation of the MoU between the National Press and Publication Administration (NPPA) of China and the Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books (ITBM), aimed at enhancing collaboration in translation and publication of Malaysian and Chinese classics.

36.The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation and exchanges in the field of health, and support cooperation in the field of traditional medicine.

Maintaining Peace and Stability in the South China Sea

37.Both sides emphasised the importance of maintaining peace, security and stability in the South China Sea, agreed to resolve disputes by peaceful means, through friendly consultations and negotiations, in accordance with the universally recognised principles of international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Both sides further emphasised the need for all parties to exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities, and to avoid actions that would complicate or escalate tensions in the South China Sea. Both sides recognized that the involvement of parties not directly concerned could be counter-productive.

38.Both sides will work together with other ASEAN countries to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) in its entirety and look forward to the conclusion of an effective and substantive Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC) in 2026, as indicated in the Guidelines for Accelerating the Early Conclusion of an Effective and Substantive COC, towards building the South China Sea into sea of peace, friendship and prosperity.

39.Both sides recognised that maritime cooperation is an important component of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between China and Malaysia. Both sides highly appreciated the progress made in the official launch of the Bilateral Dialogue on the Management of Maritime Issues in the South China Sea, and look forward to keeping close communication and coordination to foster more highlights of maritime cooperation.

40.The two sides will explore opportunities for cooperation in the field of maritime science and technology, and continue discussions on renewal and signing of the agreements to further enhance collaboration.

Strengthening Regional Cooperation

41.China highly appreciated the important role Malaysia played in promoting ASEAN-China cooperation, and spoke highly of Malaysia’s contribution to ASEAN-China Dialogue Relations including its role of country coordinator, and firmly supports Malaysia’s chairmanship of ASEAN in 2025.

42.The two sides reaffirmed the principles, shared values and norms enshrined in the ASEAN Charter, the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC), while upholding ASEAN Centrality, supporting ASEAN in strengthening ASEAN-led mechanism in promoting an open and inclusive regional architecture, that is peaceful, stable and conducive for regional development, growth and prosperity.

43.The two sides highly commended ASEAN-China Dialogue Relations, reiterated to jointly implement the Joint Statement of the ASEAN-China Special Summit to Commemorate the 30th Anniversary of ASEAN-China Dialogue Relations, enhancing the building of a peaceful, safe and secure, prosperous, beautiful and amicable home, adding impetus to deepening the ASEAN-China comprehensive strategic partnership to build a closer ASEAN-China community with a shared future that would benefit the peoples of ASEAN and China.

44.The two sides will enhance coordination and cooperation in APEC, promote the implementation of The APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040 in a comprehensive and balanced way to build an Asia-Pacific Community. Malaysia supports China in hosting APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting 2026.

45.Both sides are committed to advancing regional economic integration and will promote the high-quality implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement and look forward to the full conclusion of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (FTA) 3.0 for the early signing of the Upgrade Protocol and its timely implementation. Malaysia supports Hong Kong’s accession to RCEP.

46.China appreciated Malaysia’s initiatives such as ASEAN-China-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Cooperation Summit, which embody open regionalism that is conducive to international and regional economic and financial stability and coordinated development among different regions in Asia. Malaysia looks forward to high-level participation from China to the Summit.

47.The two sides shared the view that the peace and stability in Asia-Pacific region do not come by easily and should be dearly cherished. Hence, both sides emphasised the importance of upholding regional peace, security and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and avoiding actions that may jeopardise regional security and the shared commitment to maintaining an open and inclusive regional architecture. In line with the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (SEANWFZ), the two countries agreed to support the efforts to preserve Southeast Asia as a region free from nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, while contributing to global efforts on disarmament, non-proliferation and peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

Conducting Multilateral Cooperation

48.Malaysia highly commends President Xi Jinping for putting forward the concept of building the Community of Shared Future for Mankind, the Belt and Road Initiative, the Principle of Amity, Sincerity, Mutual Benefit and Inclusiveness in Neighborhood Diplomacy, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilisation Initiative. Malaysia stands ready to strengthen coordination and cooperation with China to actively participate in and promote the above visions and initiatives.

49.Both sides agreed that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations and the end of the Second World War. No country can stay immune in the face of the turbulent and changing international landscape and the historical trend toward a shared future for the international community, and win-win cooperation is the only right way forward. The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter to practice true multilateralism, uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms governing international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. Both sides will work together to meet all kinds of challenges and contribute Asian strength to building an equal and orderly multipolar world.

50.Both sides stressed that the year of 2024 marked the 70th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence along with the UN Charter have become basic norms of international relations and fundamental principles of the international law. Both sides will adhere to the Asian development path of mutual benefit, openness and cooperation, in line with the Pact for The Future and the principles of Malaysia MADANI to contribute to the stability and progress in Asia.

51.The two countries will enhance coordination and cooperation under such frameworks as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), jointly uphold international fairness and justice, safeguard the common interests of developing countries, and promote humanity’s common values of peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom. China welcomes Malaysia as a BRICS partner country and is willing to actively support Malaysia in better integrating into BRICS cooperation.

52.Both sides will jointly promote a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalisation, advance trade and investment facilitation, and reject the unilateral trade restrictive measures including arbitrary tariffs hikes that are inconsistent with the WTO rules. Both sides are committed to upholding the rules-based, non-discriminatory, open, fair, inclusive, equitable and transparent multilateral trading system with WTO at its core. Both sides will collaborate to achieve meaningful outcomes at the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14) in Cameroon in 2026. Both sides will strengthen cooperation, advocate for WTO rules to evolve with the times and defend the legitimate rights and interests of developing members.

53.Malaysia welcomes China’s application to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and reiterates that the CPTPP remains open to accession by economies that can satisfy the Auckland Principles.

54.Both sides call on all relevant parties to continuously and effectively implement the Gaza ceasefire agreement, with the aim of achieving a permanent ceasefire. Both sides stressed that Gaza belongs to the Palestinian people and it is an inalienable part of the territory of Palestine. Both sides emphasised that “the Palestinians governing Palestine” is an important principle that must be upheld in the post-conflict governance of Gaza, and opposed the forced displacement of the people of Gaza. Both sides called for an independent state of Palestine based on the two-state solution and for Palestine’s full UN membership.

55.During the visit, the two sides signed a series of cooperation documents in various areas such as AI, digital economy, trade in services, railway, agriculture, culture and tourism, and media to further strengthen cooperation across the board.

56.President Xi Jinping expressed appreciation to the Malaysian government and people for their warm and friendly hospitality and invited Malaysian leaders to visit China at a mutually convenient time. The Malaysian leaders thanked President Xi Jinping for the invitation and accepted the invitation with pleasure.

Joint Statement of the People’s Republic of China and the Kingdom of Cambodia on Building an All-Weather China-Cambodia Community with a Shared Future in the New Era and Implementing Three Global Initiatives

At the invitation of King Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia, President Xi Jinping of the People’s Republic of China paid a state visit to the Kingdom of Cambodia from April 17 to 18, 2025. During the visit, President Xi Jinping met with King Norodom Sihamoni of Cambodia, Queen Mother Monineath, Senate Chairman Hun Sen, and held talks with Prime Minister Hun Manet.

The two sides reiterated that China and Cambodia are iron-clad friends with sincere mutual trust and mutual assistance. The traditional friendship between China and Cambodia was created and carefully nurtured by King Father Norodom Sihanouk and the older generation of Chinese leaders. It is the choice of history and the people. For a long time, the two sides have always adhered to equality, mutual benefit and win-win results, firmly supported each other in safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and jointly defended international fairness and justice. In recent years, especially under the strategic guidance of President Xi Jinping and Cambodian leaders, the two countries agreed to build a high-quality, high-level and high-standard China-Cambodia community with a shared future in the new era. Strategic mutual trust has continued to increase, pragmatic cooperation has yielded fruitful results, people-to-people exchanges have become more frequent, and multilateral cooperation has become closer, setting an example for building a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind.

Faced with changes in the world, the times and history, the two sides agreed to accelerate the building of an all-weather China-Cambodia community with a shared future in the new era. Guided by the high-level strategic consensus between the two countries, with the China-Cambodia Intergovernmental Coordination Committee as the overall management mechanism, and with the implementation of the Action Plan for Building a China-Cambodia Community with a Shared Future in the New Era as the main line, the two sides will continue to enrich the China-Cambodia “Diamond Hexagon” cooperation framework, accelerate the construction of the “Industrial Development Corridor” and the “Fish and Rice Corridor”, and deepen higher levels of political mutual trust, higher quality mutually beneficial cooperation, higher levels of security guarantees, higher frequency of cultural exchanges, and higher standards of strategic cooperation.

Cambodia highly appreciates President Xi Jinping’s proposals to build a community with a shared future for mankind, jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative, the global development initiative, the global security initiative and the global civilization initiative, believing that these are conducive to safeguarding the common interests of all mankind, committed to the cause of peace, justice and progress of the people of the world, and reflect the aspirations of the people of all countries to build a better world. The two sides will make every effort to promote their implementation and make positive contributions to maintaining and promoting peace, stability and prosperity in the region and the world.

On building an all-weather China-Cambodia community with a shared future in the new era

1. Both sides stressed that high-level exchanges are of great significance to the development of China-Cambodia relations and are willing to continue the momentum of high-level exchanges, give full play to the role of the China-Cambodia Intergovernmental Coordination Committee mechanism, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two governments, legislative bodies and localities. They will strengthen dialogue and cooperation between the two countries’ relevant institutions, deepen exchanges of experience in state governance, support the training of civil servants and management informatization of the two countries, and help the modernization process of their respective countries.

The two sides decided to establish a “2+2” strategic dialogue mechanism between the foreign ministers and defense ministers of China and Cambodia to coordinate positions on major strategic issues in a timely manner and promote cooperation in relevant fields.

2. Cambodia highly appreciates the historic achievements made in China’s development in the new era, believes that China’s modernization has expanded the path options and practical solutions for human modernization, and firmly supports China in comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with China’s modernization. China highly appreciates Cambodia’s remarkable achievements in maintaining political stability, promoting economic development, improving people’s lives, and enhancing its international status, and firmly supports the Cambodian government in smoothly implementing its governance and achieving the development goal of becoming a high-income country by 2050. The two sides agreed to deepen the connection between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Five-Corner Strategy, implement the Outline of the Cooperation Plan for the Joint Promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia, and promote the implementation of more cooperation projects.

3. The two sides reaffirmed their firm support for each other’s core interests, national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and stressed their opposition to external interference in the internal affairs of other countries.

Cambodia reiterated its commitment to the one-China principle, the authority of UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 cannot be questioned or challenged, and recognized that there is only one China in the world. It stressed that the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing all of China, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. Cambodia firmly supports all efforts made by China to achieve national reunification, firmly opposes any form of “Taiwan independence”, and will not develop any form of official relations with Taiwan. Cambodia opposes any external forces using Taiwan, Xinjiang, Tibet, Hong Kong and other issues to interfere in China’s internal affairs and contain China. Both sides will never allow anyone to use their territory to engage in hostile activities against each other.

China reiterates its firm support for Cambodia in independently choosing a development path that suits its national conditions, firmly supports Cambodia in safeguarding its national sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and firmly supports Cambodia in playing a more active role in international and regional affairs.

4. 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to maintaining the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, opposed hegemonism, opposed all forms of unilateralism, called for the revitalization of true multilateralism, promoted the democratization of international relations, jointly upheld international fairness and justice and the common interests of all countries, jointly advocated an equal and orderly multipolar world and inclusive economic globalization, and promoted global governance in a more just and reasonable direction.

5. Both sides stressed that 2024 marks the 70th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and 2025 marks the 70th anniversary of the Bandung Conference. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the “Bandung Spirit” have become open, inclusive and universally applicable basic norms of international relations and basic principles of international law, making indelible and historic global contributions. Cambodia congratulated China on the successful holding of the 70th anniversary commemoration of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence last year. Both sides agreed to uphold the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, promote Asian values with peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness at the core, advocate the Bandung Spirit with unity, friendship and cooperation at the core, and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind.

The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to jointly practice open regionalism, support ASEAN in maintaining strategic autonomy, jointly safeguard ASEAN’s central position, jointly build a “five-home” of peace, tranquility, prosperity, beauty and friendship, promote new progress in the China-ASEAN comprehensive strategic partnership, and build a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared future. The two sides agreed to accelerate the building of a Lancang-Mekong community with a shared future for peace and prosperity, and jointly hold the Fifth Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Leaders’ Meeting and the Tenth Foreign Ministers’ Meeting.

On implementing global development initiatives

The two sides emphasized the need to put people at the center, give priority to promoting development and protecting people’s livelihood, and are willing to be leaders in implementing global development initiatives, push for the initiatives to go deeper and more practical within bilateral and multilateral frameworks, so as to inject strong impetus into promoting common development around the world, especially in the “global South.”

1. Both sides believe that trade and investment restrictive measures have an impact on economic security and the international trade order, firmly oppose trade protectionism, and are committed to maintaining a predictable, rule-based, transparent, non-discriminatory, open and inclusive multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core. Both sides recognize the importance of the WTO as a platform for trade rule-making, review, dialogue and cooperation, and its key role in promoting trade and investment liberalization and facilitation. Both sides will safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all members and are willing to jointly promote WTO reform, push for practical outcomes at the 14th Ministerial Conference, and push economic globalization toward a more open, inclusive, equitable, balanced and win-win direction.

2. The two sides agreed to accelerate the promotion of substantial progress in the “Industrial Development Corridor” planning, carry out high-quality China-Cambodia industrial and investment cooperation, and implement key investment cooperation projects.

3. Both sides agreed to give full play to the role of the China-Cambodia railway cooperation mechanism, jointly formulate the overall plan of Cambodia’s railway network, and identify key cooperation projects. Both sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in transportation infrastructure such as commercial aircraft. China supports Cambodia in building the Funan Dezao Integrated Water Conservancy Project in accordance with the principles of feasibility and sustainability.

4. The two sides highly appreciated the outcomes of the first meeting of the “Fish and Rice Corridor” and agreed to accelerate the implementation of the “Fish and Rice Corridor” cooperation plan to ensure tangible results and promote greater progress in technology, trade, investment and other cooperation in the agricultural fields between the two countries.

5. Both sides agreed to continue to play the role of the China-Cambodia Free Trade Agreement, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, and the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, and will actively promote the signing of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 upgrade protocol as early as possible this year, expand cooperation in emerging fields, and enhance the scale and level of trade. Cambodia supports Hong Kong, China to join the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. Both sides will accelerate the promotion of “single window” cooperation, sign a cooperation agreement, establish a long-term mechanism, speed up the negotiation and signing of the quarantine protocol for the export of Cambodia’s high-quality agricultural and food products to China, and promote the export of more Cambodian high-quality agricultural and food products to China.

6. Both sides agreed to jointly build a safe and stable industrial chain and supply chain, support the high-quality development of the economic and trade cooperation zone, and promote the construction of supporting facilities such as transportation facilities, power optical cables, sewage treatment, warehousing and logistics. China is willing to continue to support the development of the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone, focus on Cambodia’s vision of building a multifunctional economic demonstration zone in Sihanoukville Province, and encourage more capable Chinese companies to increase investment in Cambodia.

7. The two sides will expand the use of their own currencies in bilateral trade and investment, support eligible Cambodian commercial banks to join the RMB cross-border payment system, and agree to promote cross-border QR code interconnection cooperation.

8. Both sides commit to developing clean energy cooperation, including hydropower, pumped storage, solar energy, wind energy and other clean energy technologies. Both sides commit to strengthen mutual cooperation in regional and global energy cooperation.

9. The two sides will implement the China-Cambodia Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Agreement, give full play to the role of the Joint Committee on Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation between the two governments, promote joint research, technology transfer, innovation and entrepreneurship, and cultivate new quality productivity. The two sides are willing to strengthen cooperation in cutting-edge fields such as the digital economy and low-altitude economy.

10. Cambodia welcomes the Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative announced by President Xi Jinping. China welcomes Cambodia to join the Group of Friends of International Cooperation on Artificial Intelligence Capacity Building and play an active role.

11. Cambodia positively appreciates the great help provided by China in promoting Cambodia’s economic development and improving people’s livelihood. The two sides will give full play to the role of the China-Cambodia development dialogue and cooperation mechanism, formulate a China-Cambodia development cooperation plan, continue to implement rural roads, water supply, schools, medical care, poverty reduction and other projects, and continue to support the Cambodian “King’s Working Group” to carry out more practical projects.

12. Both sides acknowledged that climate change poses a threat to the world and affects the survival of humans and animals, and stressed the importance of preserving and maintaining natural resources. Both sides will strengthen cooperation in the field of environmental protection and continue to promote the construction of the Sihanoukville Low-Carbon Demonstration Zone in the South-South Cooperation on Climate Change between China and Cambodia.

On the implementation of the Global Safety Initiative

The two sides stressed the need to uphold a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security vision, respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries, abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, pay attention to the legitimate security concerns of all countries, resolve differences and disputes among countries through dialogue and consultation in a peaceful manner, coordinate the maintenance of security in traditional and non-traditional fields, jointly implement global security initiatives, promote practical cooperation, and make positive contributions to regional and world peace and stability.

1. The two sides agreed to make good use of the China-Cambodia Comprehensive Security Consultation Mechanism, strengthen communication and coordination on China-Cambodia security cooperation and security issues of common concern, strengthen exchanges and cooperation on anti-interference, anti-secession, prevention and resistance to “color revolutions”, and safeguard the security and social order of the two countries.

2. The two sides agreed to give full play to the role of the military cooperation mechanism, maintain exchanges at all levels, deepen cooperation in education and training, joint exercises and training, medical and health services, equipment and technology, and strengthen coordination on multilateral security affairs. Cambodia highly appreciates China’s support for the smooth operation of the China-Cambodia Ream Port Joint Support and Training Center, which helps enhance Cambodia’s ability to safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests.

3. China appreciates Cambodia’s announcement to ban illegal online gambling and establish a committee to combat online fraud. The two sides will continue to carry out the China-Cambodia Law Enforcement Cooperation Year, strengthen cooperation in investigating cross-border crimes such as illegal cross-border gambling, human trafficking, smuggling, counterfeiting and smuggling. Strengthen security and judicial cooperation, speed up the negotiation and signing of the China-Cambodia Criminal Judicial Assistance Treaty, and crack down on online fraud crimes. Increase protection for the safety of citizens and institutions of the other country in their own country, strengthen security work for the construction of the “Belt and Road”, and ensure the safety of major cooperation projects in Cambodia.

4. Both sides reaffirmed the importance of maintaining peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region, opposed the formation of exclusive “small circles” and the creation of camp confrontation, and opposed the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the deployment of missiles, believing that this would trigger an arms race and endanger regional peace and stability. Both sides agreed to promote the building of an Asia-Pacific community with a shared future and make more contributions to the stability and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific region.

5. China has actively promoted the resolution of international and regional hot issues and promoted global peace and development. Cambodia appreciates the important constructive role played by China. Both sides agreed to strengthen multilateral cooperation and jointly contribute to maintaining world peace and stability.

6. The two sides believe that it is necessary to explore a human rights development path that meets the needs of the people based on their own national realities, firmly oppose the politicization of human rights issues and double standards, and firmly oppose any country using human rights and democracy as an excuse to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries, instigate division and confrontation, and impose its will on other countries.

7. Cambodia highly appreciates China’s assistance in providing funds, personnel training and mine-clearing equipment, and supports Cambodia in achieving the “2030 Mine-Free Goal”. China is willing to implement the Memorandum of Understanding on Mine-clearing Cooperation with Cambodia, and support Cambodia in clearing mine hazards through bilateral and multilateral cooperation.

8. The two sides will strengthen cooperation in the field of emergency response and disaster management, implement the memorandum of understanding on cooperation in disaster prevention, mitigation and emergency response between the two countries, and improve the level of natural disaster prevention and control and emergency management. The two sides will deepen their partnership, give full play to the role of the “Belt and Road” international cooperation mechanism for natural disaster prevention and emergency management, jointly respond to the urgent risks and challenges brought by disasters, further enhance regional resilience, promote sustainable development, and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind.

9. Both sides believe that the South China Sea issue should be peacefully resolved by directly concerned sovereign states through friendly consultations and negotiations, and any attempt to use the South China Sea issue to undermine regional peace and mutual trust will be counterproductive. Both sides stressed the importance of maintaining peace, security and stability in the South China Sea, and called on all parties concerned to continue to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, deepen maritime cooperation, and reach a substantive and effective “Code of Conduct in the South China Sea” as soon as possible on the basis of consensus.

On the implementation of the Global Civilization Initiative

The two sides emphasized that China and Cambodia are both ancient civilizations with a long history. They jointly advocate respecting the diversity of world civilizations, promoting the common values of all mankind, attaching importance to the inheritance and innovation of civilizations. They are willing to be role models in implementing the Global Civilization Initiative, strengthen bilateral and multilateral cultural exchanges and cooperation, and promote exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations.

1. China thanks Cambodia for supporting the resolution to establish the “International Day of Dialogue among Civilizations” and becoming a member of the core group of the resolution. Cambodia highly appreciates China’s hosting of the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, believing that it has played an important role in promoting cultural exchanges among countries, and is willing to jointly strengthen dialogue among civilizations and promote exchanges and mutual learning among Asian civilizations.

2. Cambodia welcomes China’s holding of the “Happy Chinese New Year” event in Cambodia. The two sides will promote the resumption of normal operations of the Chinese Cultural Center in Phnom Penh and support each other’s active participation in international art festivals, exchange performances and other activities held in each other’s countries.

3. Both sides highly valued the 2024 “China-Cambodia Year of Cultural Exchange” and agreed to designate 2025 as the “China-Cambodia Tourism Year” to encourage citizens of the two countries to travel to each other’s countries. The two sides will jointly develop tourist routes, strengthen publicity for tourism to each other’s countries, and strengthen cooperation in tourism safety. The two sides will improve the quality of tourism personnel by jointly carrying out more training programs. Actively play the role of the “Lancang-Mekong Visa” issued in November 2024 to provide more convenience for personnel exchanges between the two countries. Support increasing the number of passenger and cargo flights between China and Cambodia, and increase flight routes according to market demand.

4. China thanks Cambodia for co-sponsoring the Asian Cultural Heritage Protection Alliance and playing an active role in the alliance. The two sides will explore the establishment of a China-Cambodia joint cultural heritage working group to promote cooperation in all areas of cultural heritage. Solidly advance the protection and restoration project of the royal palace ruins of Angkor Archaeological Park in Cambodia, and carry out cooperation in the protection and restoration of Preah Vihear Temple and other cultural heritage. Cambodia appreciates China’s firm support for Cambodia’s cultural field, which is conducive to strengthening cooperation in cultural heritage protection, promoting cultural exchanges, and enhancing mutual understanding between the two peoples.

5. The two sides will strengthen education policy dialogue, explore the renewal of the education cooperation agreement, and deepen cooperation in Chinese teaching, vocational education, digital education and other fields. Cambodia supports Confucius Institutes and other educational institutions to carry out Chinese teaching, and China will continue to provide Cambodia with Chinese government scholarships and international Chinese teacher scholarships. The two sides will jointly run vocational education cooperation projects such as Luban Workshop, promote the digital transformation of education, and cultivate more compound talents.

6. The two sides will implement the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Labor and Social Security, and deepen cooperation in areas such as promoting employment and entrepreneurship, carrying out vocational training, and improving the social security system.

7. Both sides agreed to deepen exchanges and cooperation in the fields of traditional medicine, medical management, medical staff training, disease control, health emergency, etc. Explore the implementation of the Cambodian National Center for Disease Control project and promote the construction of the China-Cambodia Traditional Chinese Medicine Center. China is willing to continue to send Chinese medical teams to Cambodia to carry out the “Bright Journey” activity.

8. The two sides agreed to strengthen regular exchanges between the youth affairs departments and youth federations of China and Cambodia, expand and strengthen the “Cambodia-China Friendship Youth House”, establish a dialogue and exchange mechanism between the Chinese and Cambodian youth, and cultivate new forces for China-Cambodia friendship.

9. The two sides agreed to deepen cooperation in think tanks, sister cities, religions, ethnic groups, non-governmental organizations and other fields, continue to hold the China-Cambodia High-end Think Tank Forum, encourage strengthening the exchange of experience in ethnic affairs governance, and support the deepening of cooperation between the two countries’ non-governmental organizations.

10. The two sides encourage strengthening cooperation in media, press and publishing, radio, film and television, and agree to implement the radio and television cooperation agreement and continue to deepen exchanges and cooperation in the fields of radio, television and audio-visual technology industry, program content and talent training between the two countries.