The Second China-Central Asia Summit, held on June 17 in the Kazakh capital Astana, saw China conclude a Treaty of Permanent Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation with its five neighboring countries, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The 15-article treaty notes that: “In accordance with the universally recognized principles and rules of international law and on the basis of the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, all parties will comprehensively develop a long-term and stable strategic partnership.
“The parties reaffirmed their mutual refusal to use force or threat of force and to settle their disputes peacefully.”
It adds: “The Parties respect the principle of national sovereignty and territorial integrity and take measures to prohibit any activity within their national territory that violates that principle.
“The parties do not participate in any alliance or group directed against other parties and do not support any action hostile to other parties.”
They express willingness to cooperate on the basis of equality and mutual benefit in trade, economy, investment, infrastructure connectivity, engineering technology, energy (including hydropower and renewable energy), transportation, minerals, agriculture, ecological and environmental protection, processing industry, science and technology, and other areas of common interest. And: “In accordance with their national laws and their respective international obligations, the Parties will strengthen mutual trust in the fields of defense, defense industry and security, and expand bilateral and multilateral cooperation on other issues in this field.”
The Treaty will remain in force indefinitely.
China has signed similar treaties with Pakistan and the Russian Federation. (The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea remains China’s sole formal ally.) However, this is the first time for China to sign such a treaty on a multilateral basis. This is a key reason why President Xi Jinping, in his speech at the summit, described the treaty as “a pioneering initiative in China’s diplomatic engagement with its neighbors.”
Xi Jinping also held bilateral meetings with all his counterparts in the margins of the summit.
Meeting with President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Xi Jinping pointed out that China-Kazakhstan relations have withstood the test of changing international circumstances and have remained strong and enjoyed robust growth. This is attributed to the geographical advantage of being connected by mountains and rivers and the time-honored friendship between the two peoples, but it is also an inevitable choice made by both countries to pursue common development.
Xi Jinping said that in the face of the international situation, intertwined with changes and chaos, China and Kazakhstan should firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law, practice true multilateralism, and unequivocally safeguard the common interests of developing countries. China highly commends Kazakhstan for the extensive preparations it has made for the second China-Central Asia Summit. Meanwhile, as the rotating president of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), China is ready to work with all member states to take the Tianjin Summit this year as an opportunity to make the SCO more substantive and stronger, and demonstrate new progress, new breakthroughs, and a new outlook.
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said that China is Kazakhstan’s friendly neighbor, close friend, and trustworthy partner. The permanent comprehensive strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and China is entering a new golden era, contributing to the sustainable economic and social development of both countries and bringing benefits to the two peoples. It serves as a model for state-to-state relations. Under the wise leadership of President Xi Jinping, great achievements have been made in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. The Kazakh side is sincerely glad for these achievements and firmly believes that China will continue to make even greater development achievements. The two countries should jointly advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, expand cooperation in areas such as trade, investment, industry, agriculture, energy, and transportation, and strengthen people-to-people exchanges in culture, education, sports, tourism, and other fields. Kazakhstan highly appreciates and actively supports China’s commitment and efforts to uphold international fairness and justice, and is willing to continue close cooperation and mutual support with China within multilateral frameworks including the United Nations, the SCO, BRICS, the China-Central Asia mechanism, and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia, to make the international order more just and equitable.
After the talks, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the exchange of more than ten bilateral cooperation documents, covering areas such as trade, investment, science and technology, customs, tourism, and media.
The Astana Times further reported President Tokayev as saying that China never sets any political conditions in its cooperation with Kazakhstan. The President of China is always a highly respected guest in Kazakhstan, and his visit is a clear testament to the sincere and unwavering friendship between the two countries.
“If you carefully study our common history, you can see that relations between our countries have always been built on friendship and cooperation, without any conflicts or obstacles. They have always been distinguished by mutual understanding and goodwill. The Chinese people have never harmed the Kazakh people.”
Tokayev highlighted the symbolic nature of the Chinese President’s visit on his birthday and wished him good health, prosperity and new achievements in state activities.
He also focused on cooperation in nuclear energy, noting that Kazakhstan has decided to build several nuclear power plants (NPP). “We consider the Chinese company CNNC [China National Nuclear Corporation] as a reliable strategic partner in the NPP construction project. CNNC is known worldwide for its high competence, so it will certainly occupy a worthy niche in our market. In addition, Kazakhstan is a reliable supplier of natural uranium and nuclear fuel to China.”
Meeting Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov, Xi Jinping emphasized that cooperation between China and Kyrgyzstan holds great potential. Both sides should expand trade and investment and deepen financial cooperation; improve connectivity networks and promote the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway with high quality; broaden cooperation in emerging fields and cultivate new growth drivers in clean energy, green minerals, artificial intelligence and other aspects; deepen exchanges in culture, tourism, education, health and other areas, and implement more projects that benefit the people. As successive rotating presidents of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the hosts of SCO summits, China and Kyrgyzstan are willing to support each other and jointly work for greater development of the SCO.
President Sadyr Japarov said that under the outstanding leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has been striving forward along the path of prosperity and strength, achieving remarkable development accomplishments and playing a key leading role on the international stage. Kyrgyzstan attaches great importance to developing relations with China and cherishes the strategic partnership characterized by mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, good-neighborliness and friendship. Kyrgyzstan welcomes more Chinese enterprises to invest and do business in the country and is willing to jointly implement projects such as the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway with China, and strengthen cooperation in energy, green minerals and other fields to better benefit the people of both countries.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of multiple bilateral cooperation documents covering agriculture, customs, science and technology, media, and other fields.
Meeting with Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, Xi Jinping noted that during his state visit to Tajikistan last year, he and Rahmon jointly announced the establishment of a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership in the new era between China and Tajikistan, and made new plans for cooperation across the board. He said that the two sides should speed up implementation and achieve more practical outcomes to build a high-quality China-Tajikistan community with a shared future.
Emomali Rahmon said, under the strong leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has made major achievements in economic and social development and played an important role in international affairs. President Xi Jinping’s historic state visit to Tajikistan last year has opened up new prospects for bilateral relations and elevated the strategic cooperation between Tajikistan and China to a new level.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of multiple bilateral cooperation documents covering diplomacy, economy and trade, transportation, science and technology, and other fields.
Meeting with Turkmen President Serdar Berdimuhamedov, Xi Jinping noted that China and Turkmenistan enjoy solid political trust, strong desire for cooperation, and great complementarity. China is ready to work with Turkmenistan to fully unleash cooperation potential and comprehensively expand the depth, breadth and scale of bilateral cooperation based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation to build a China-Turkmenistan community with a shared future. Both sides should implement the strategic synergy between the Belt and Road Initiative and the initiative to revive the Great Silk Road, scale up natural gas cooperation, expand cooperation in non-resource fields, optimize trade structure, and enhance regional connectivity.
China supports Turkmenistan’s accession to the World Trade Organization and its successful hosting of the Fifth Foreign Ministers’ Meeting among the Neighboring Countries of Afghanistan, and is glad to see Turkmenistan, as a permanently neutral country, play a greater constructive role in international affairs. China is ready to enhance coordination and cooperation with Turkmenistan on international and regional issues, jointly uphold the multilateral trading system and safeguard the common interests of the Global South.
Serdar Berdimuhamedov said that Turkmenistan is willing to fully expand cooperation with China, increase natural gas exports to China, deepen cooperation in non-resource sectors such as machinery manufacturing and textiles, strengthen connectivity, promote people-to-people exchanges in education and culture, intensify law enforcement and security cooperation, and enhance coordination and cooperation with China on multilateral platforms such as the United Nations to uphold international fairness and justice.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of the intergovernmental economic and technical cooperation agreement between the two countries.
Meeting with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Xi Jinping emphasized that China and Uzbekistan should introduce more measures for trade liberalization and facilitation, expand the scale of bilateral trade and investment, and advance the high-quality construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway to foster a multidimensional connectivity network. The two sides should scale up practical cooperation in emerging areas such as artificial intelligence, new energy, smart agriculture, and public health. Both sides should actively promote the establishment of cultural centers in each other’s countries, ensure the success of the second Forum on Cooperation between 100 Universities, continuously strengthen cooperation in poverty reduction, and enhance people-to-people ties.
Shavkat Mirziyoyev said that President Xi Jinping is an outstanding statesman in the world, who has led China in implementing highly effective domestic and foreign policies, achieving remarkable results in economic and social development. China’s economy has become a key engine of the global economy. No major issue in today’s world can be resolved without China’s efforts. He described Uzbekistan and China as being as close as brothers, adding that frequent exchanges at all levels and robust cooperation in various fields have brought bilateral relations to the highest level in history. Uzbekistan cherishes its friendly relations with China and appreciates China’s long-standing, selfless support for Uzbekistan’s economic and social development. Uzbekistan is willing to strengthen exchanges with China on governance experience and learn from China’s successful experience in poverty alleviation.
The two heads of state also exchanged views on the current situation in the Middle East. Xi Jinping stated that Israel’s military action against Iran has sharply escalated tensions in the Middle East, and China is deeply concerned about this. China opposes any actions that infringe upon the sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity of other countries. Military conflict is not the way to solve problems, and the escalation of regional situations is not in the common interests of the international community. All parties should work to de-escalate the conflict as soon as possible and avoid further escalation of the tensions. China is ready to work with all parties to play a constructive role in restoring peace and stability in the Middle East.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of a bilateral protocol regarding Uzbekistan’s accession to the World Trade Organization.
The Summit adopted the Astana Declaration. It states that:
- China and Central Asian countries agreed to firmly uphold multilateralism, universally recognized international law and the basic norms governing international relations.
- The countries reiterated their commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and to respecting each other’s independence, equality, sovereignty and territorial integrity.
- They also agreed to promote a more just and equitable international order by advancing an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.
- China and Central Asian countries vowed to safeguard the indispensable role of the UN in safeguarding international peace, security and sustainable development, championing the common values of humanity – peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom – and opposing the politicization of human rights and other related issues.
In his speech to the Summit, Kazakh President Tokayev noted that, in the current geopolitical landscape, ensuring reliable and secure supply routes is a strategic imperative for all countries. He stressed that Central Asia is becoming a key logistics hub linking the largest regions of Asia and Europe. In 2024, the total volume of cargo transportation from China through Central Asian countries exceeded 211,000 containers, representing a 12% increase. Kazakhstan accounts for 85% of all land transportation from China to Europe. Introducing the first link of the Belt and Road Initiative, he said that Kazakhstan advocates for its connection with the key transport corridors of Western China-Western Europe, the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), and the North-South route.
He also cited cooperation in the energy sector as a key factor in regional sustainability. Central Asia holds 20% of the world’s uranium reserves, over 17% of oil, and 7% of natural gas, alongside impressive deposits of rare earth metals.
Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov outlined six key areas for deepening the strategic partnership with China that include transport and transit connectivity, energy, finance and e-commerce, education and science, tourism, and security. He said that he would like to note the importance of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway project, which is currently under active construction. This transport corridor, which is a key element of the Belt and Road Initiative, has become a real bridge between countries, uniting markets and contributing to the strengthening of economic and cultural integration throughout the region.”
Tajik President Emomali Rahmon emphasized the critical importance of glacier preservation and highlighted Tajikistan’s initiative of hosting a High-Level International Conference on Glaciers Preservation in May.
“Our constructive work in the field of sustainable development has laid a solid foundation for promoting the Dushanbe Process on glacier conservation. We consider it necessary to ensure the implementation of the decisions adopted at the conference on glacier conservation, which was recently held in Dushanbe.”
President of Turkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedov said: “Given the current global situation, we suggest paying attention to Turkmenistan’s initiative to develop a global security strategy under the auspices of the UN.” The strategy should include preventive diplomacy as a tool for neutralizing conflicts and using neutrality for the peaceful, political, and diplomatic settlement of disputes.
President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev said: “I welcome the launch of joint centers for desertification prevention, cooperation in education, poverty reduction, and the Central Asia-China Uninterrupted Trade Platform. Undoubtedly, these mechanisms will contribute to the expansion of practical cooperation between our countries.” He added that the combination of the growing potential of Central Asian countries and China’s industrial leadership should lead to the creation of a common space of great opportunities with effective mechanisms for knowledge exchange and technology transfer.
It was agreed to hold the Third China-Central Asia Summit in China in 2027.
The following articles were originally published by China Military, the website of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, the Astana Times and CGTN. The text of the Treaty was published in Chinese and has been machine translated.
Treaty on Permanent Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan
ASTANA, June 17 (China Military) — The People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan, hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”,
Believing that strengthening good-neighborly friendship and mutually beneficial cooperation in an all-round way is in the fundamental interests of the peoples of all countries,
Pointing out that maintaining peace, stability and development in the region and strengthening all-round cooperation are in line with the common will and fundamental interests of the people of all countries and are of great significance to Asia and the world,
Reaffirming its commitment to the purposes of the Charter of the United Nations and other universally recognized principles and rules of international law,
Based on the laws of each country,
Reaffirming its strong support for the principles of national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and sovereign equality of all parties and the inviolability of their borders,
We are committed to maintaining the stable development of relations among the six countries and enhancing the level of cooperation in various fields.
We wish to deepen and pass on the friendship between our peoples from generation to generation.
Reaffirm the determination to work together to build a closer China-Central Asia community with a shared future.
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
Article 1
The parties will comprehensively develop a long-term and stable strategic partnership in accordance with the universally recognized principles and rules of international law and on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
All parties reaffirmed their commitment not to use or threaten to use force against each other and to resolve disputes peacefully.
Article 2
The parties will comprehensively strengthen mutual trust and strategic cooperation, support each other’s development paths and models chosen in accordance with their national conditions, support each other’s positions on issues of core interests, and support each other’s economic development strategies.
Article 3
All parties respect the principle of state sovereignty and territorial integrity and take measures to prohibit any activities that violate this principle within their territory.
The parties will not join any alliance or group directed against the other parties, and will not support any actions hostile to the other parties.
Article 4
All parties attach great importance to political consultations and use meeting mechanisms at various levels, including high-level visits, to regularly exchange views and coordinate positions on relations between China and Central Asian countries and international and regional issues of common concern.
Article 5
The parties are willing to cooperate in trade, economy, investment, infrastructure connectivity, engineering technology, energy (including hydropower and renewable energy), transportation, minerals, agriculture, ecological environment protection, processing industry, science and technology and other areas of common interest on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.
Article 6
The parties shall take necessary measures to carry out exchanges and cooperation in culture, education, health care, tourism, sports, news media and other areas of common interest.
Article 7
The parties shall cooperate within bilateral and multilateral mechanisms in accordance with their national laws and respective international obligations to jointly combat terrorism, separatism and extremism, as well as transnational organized crime, illegal immigration and illegal trafficking in arms, narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors.
Article 8
The parties will strengthen mutual trust in the fields of defense, defense industry and security, and expand bilateral and multilateral cooperation on other issues in this field in accordance with their national laws and respective international obligations.
Article 9
The parties will strengthen communication and collaboration within the United Nations and other international organizations and multilateral mechanisms in which they participate, and are committed to promoting global and regional peace, stability and sustainable development.
Article 10
If any disputes or differences arise in the interpretation and implementation of this Treaty, the parties will resolve them through friendly negotiations and consultations.
Article 11
This Treaty is not directed against any third country and does not affect the rights and obligations of the Parties as Contracting Parties to other bilateral and multilateral international treaties.
Article 12
In order to implement the provisions of this Treaty, the Parties may, if necessary, conclude separate international treaties covering specific areas of common concern.
Article 13
This Treaty may be amended and supplemented by the agreement of all parties through consultation. The protocol shall be an integral part of this Treaty.
Article 14
The depositary of this Treaty is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China.
The depositary shall send certified true copies of this Treaty to each signatory within 15 days after the signing of this Treaty.
Article 15
This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely and shall enter into force on the date on which the Depositary receives, through diplomatic channels, the last written notification that the Parties have completed their internal entry into force procedures.
The Depositary shall notify the Parties of the date on which this Treaty enters into force.
Either Party shall have the right to withdraw from this Treaty by notifying the Depositary in writing through diplomatic channels.
This Treaty shall enter into force with respect to the withdrawing Party 12 months after the date on which the Depositary receives the notification. The Depositary shall inform the other Parties of the withdrawal decision.
The Depositary shall notify the other Parties that this Treaty shall cease to have force with respect to the withdrawing Party.
Done in Astana on June 17, 2025, in a single original in the Chinese and Russian languages, both texts being equally authentic.
Xi Jinping, Representative of the People’s Republic of China
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Representative of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Representative of the Kyrgyz Republic Sadyr Japarov
Emomali Rahmon, Representative of the Republic of Tajikistan
Serdar Berdimuhamedov, representative of Turkmenistan
Representative of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
June 16 (MFA) — On the afternoon of June 16, 2025 local time, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held talks with President Xi Jinping at the Presidential Palace in Astana.
Xi Jinping pointed out that China-Kazakhstan relations have withstood the test of changing international circumstances and have remained strong and enjoyed robust growth. This is attributed to the geographical advantage of being connected by mountains and rivers and the time-honored friendship between the two peoples, but it is also an inevitable choice made by both countries to pursue common development. In recent years, under the joint planning of the two heads of state, the China-Kazakhstan community with a shared future has become more substantial and enriched in dimensions, continuously delivering tangible outcomes that benefit people’s livelihoods and significantly enhancing the sense of gain among the two peoples. China always views and develops its relations with Kazakhstan from a strategic and long-term perspective and is ready to work with Kazakhstan to contribute more to regional and global peace and development with the stability and positive energy of China-Kazakhstan relations.
Xi Jinping emphasized that both China and Kazakhstan are at crucial stages of their respective development and revitalization, and the two countries should work together to advance all-round cooperation. First, the two sides should steer the development of bilateral relations with high-level strategic mutual trust. The two sides should continue to firmly support each other on issues related to their core interests and major concerns, advance the synergy of development strategies, serve as a strong backing for each other in a volatile world, and provide mutual support in their respective development and revitalization. Second, the two sides should upgrade bilateral cooperation through high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. The two sides should consolidate the strengths of traditional cooperation in trade, investment, and energy, advance the construction of cross-border railway projects and the renovation of port infrastructure, enhance connectivity, expand cooperation in high and new technologies, and promote green and sustainable development. Third, the two sides should safeguard the peace and stability of both countries through comprehensive security cooperation. This includes expanding law enforcement, security, and defense exchanges, jointly combating the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism and extremism, and deepening cooperation in emergency management as well as disaster prevention and mitigation. Fourth, the two sides should strengthen the foundation of China-Kazakhstan friendship through diversified people-to-people exchanges. The two sides should ensure the success of the China Tourism Year in Kazakhstan, and encourage greater exchanges among youth, media, and think tanks, as well as at the sub-national level.
Xi Jinping pointed out that in the face of the international situation intertwined with changes and chaos, China and Kazakhstan should firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law, practice true multilateralism, and unequivocally safeguard the common interests of developing countries. China highly commends Kazakhstan for the extensive preparations it has made for the second China-Central Asia Summit and is confident that the summit will write a new chapter in cooperation between China and Central Asian countries. Meanwhile, as the rotating president of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), China is ready to work with all member states to take the Tianjin Summit this year as an opportunity to make the SCO more substantive and stronger, and demonstrate new progress, new breakthroughs, and a new outlook.
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said that China is Kazakhstan’s friendly neighbor, close friend, and trustworthy partner. The permanent comprehensive strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and China is entering a new golden era, contributing to the sustainable economic and social development of both countries and bringing benefits to the two peoples. It serves as a model for state-to-state relations. Kazakhstan and China share a strong political will to enhance cooperation and have always supported each other on issues concerning their respective core interests such as sovereignty and security, regardless of changes in the international landscape. Under the wise leadership of President Xi Jinping, great achievements have been made in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. The Kazakh side is sincerely glad for these achievements and firmly believes that China will continue to make even greater development achievements. Kazakhstan is ready to deepen strategic mutual trust and all-round mutually beneficial cooperation with China to elevate bilateral relations to a new level. The two countries should jointly advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, expand cooperation in areas such as trade, investment, industry, agriculture, energy, and transportation, and strengthen people-to-people exchanges in culture, education, sports, tourism, and other fields. Kazakhstan highly appreciates and actively supports China’s commitment and efforts to uphold international fairness and justice, and is willing to continue close cooperation and mutual support with China within multilateral frameworks including the United Nations, the SCO, BRICS, the China-Central Asia mechanism, and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia, to make the international order more just and equitable.
After the talks, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the exchange of more than ten bilateral cooperation documents, covering areas such as trade, investment, science and technology, customs, tourism, and media.
Cai Qi, Wang Yi, and others were present at the above events.
Kazakhstan, China Deepen Strategic Partnership, Sign 24 Agreements
ASTANA, June 16 (Astana Times) — China never sets any political conditions in its cooperation with Kazakhstan, said President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev during a meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping, who arrived on an official visit to Kazakhstan on June 16.
According to Tokayev, the President of China is always a highly respected guest in Kazakhstan, and his visit is a clear testament to the sincere and unwavering friendship between the two countries, reported Akorda.
“If you carefully study our common history, you can see that relations between our countries have always been built on friendship and cooperation, without any conflicts or obstacles. They have always been distinguished by mutual understanding and goodwill. The Chinese people have never harmed the Kazakh people,” he said.
Tokayev said that bilateral relations have reached a new golden period, making a significant contribution to sustainable socio-economic development and well-being of the peoples of the two countries.
Tokayev highlighted the symbolic nature of the Chinese President’s visit on his birthday and wished him good health, prosperity and new achievements in state activities. He praised his leadership and China’s progress under his guidance, expressing confidence in China’s continued development and appreciated Xi’s warm attitude toward him and the people of Kazakhstan.
Tokayev called China a good neighbor and a time-tested reliable strategic partner of Kazakhstan.
“We support China’s peace-loving initiatives and highly appreciate the key role of your country in building a fair world order,” said Tokayev, noting the high level of interaction between the two countries within the framework of international and regional organizations.
Trade, cultural relations
China is Kazakhstan’s largest trade and economic partner. In 2024, the volume of bilateral trade reached a record $44 billion. Tokayev mentioned progress in the cultural and humanitarian sphere, including the opening of cultural centers, Luban Workshops, branches of Chinese universities and scientific and technical centers. He said that Kazakhstan will support the activities of Confucius centers. 2025 has been declared the Year of China Tourism in Kazakhstan, which will help strengthen mutual trust and deepen bilateral cooperation.
Nuclear power plants
Tokayev also focused on cooperation in nuclear energy, noting that Kazakhstan has decided to build several, at least two or three, nuclear power plants (NPP).
“We consider the Chinese company CNNC [China National Nuclear Corporation] as a reliable strategic partner in the NPP construction project. CNNC is known worldwide for its high competence, so it will certainly occupy a worthy niche in our market. In addition, Kazakhstan is a reliable supplier of natural uranium and nuclear fuel to China,” he said.
In turn, Xi expressed gratitude to Tokayev for the warm welcome.
“Relations between China and Kazakhstan have stood the test of a changing global situation and continue to develop dynamically. This became possible not only due to geographical proximity and centuries-old friendship, but also due to the natural need for joint development of our countries. (…) I am ready to work with you to steadily strengthen the friendship between China and Kazakhstan, hand in hand to advance our multifaceted cooperation so that Chinese-Kazakh relations make an even greater contribution to the development of the region and the world as a whole,” Xi said.
Kazakhstan and China sign 24 documents
Following the talks, both delegations signed 24 intergovernmental and interdepartmental documents covering cooperation in energy, aerospace, digitalization, customs regulation, agriculture, e-commerce, tourism, intellectual property, medicine, media, science and interregional relations.
Agreements on the promotion and mutual protection of investments, on technical and economic cooperation were signed at the intergovernmental level.
Xi Jinping Meets with Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov
June 17 (MFA) —
On the morning of June 17, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov on the sidelines of the second China-Central Asia Summit in Astana.
Xi Jinping pointed out that since the establishment of diplomatic relations 33 years ago, the China-Kyrgyzstan relationship has developed by leaps and bounds and is at its best in history. Xi Jinping said that his fruitful meeting with President Sadyr Japarov in Beijing in February this year resulted in a series of important common understandings, injecting new strong momentum into bilateral cooperation. China is ready to work with Kyrgyzstan to further align development strategies, render mutual support on issues concerning each other’s core interests and major concerns, and uphold common and long-term interests.
Xi Jinping emphasized that cooperation between China and Kyrgyzstan holds great potential. Both sides should expand trade and investment and deepen financial cooperation; improve connectivity networks and promote the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway with high quality; broaden cooperation in emerging fields and cultivate new growth drivers in clean energy, green minerals, artificial intelligence and other aspects; deepen exchanges in culture, tourism, education, health and other areas, and implement more projects that benefit the people. Both China and Kyrgyzstan are beneficiaries of economic globalization and should jointly oppose unilateralism, firmly uphold international trade and economic order, and promote the building of a more just and equitable global governance system. As successive rotating presidents of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the hosts of SCO summits, China and Kyrgyzstan are willing to support each other and jointly work for greater development of the SCO.
President Sadyr Japarov said that under the outstanding leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has been striving forward along the path of prosperity and strength, achieving remarkable development accomplishments and playing a key leading role on the international stage. Kyrgyzstan attaches great importance to developing relations with China and cherishes the strategic partnership characterized by mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, good-neighborliness and friendship. The Kyrgyz side firmly supports the Chinese side’s position on issues concerning China’s core interests, steadfastly pursues the one-China principle, opposes all forms of “Taiwan independence”, and rejects any forces’ interference in China’s internal affairs. China is Kyrgyzstan’s largest trade and investment partner. Kyrgyzstan welcomes more Chinese enterprises to invest and do business in the country, and is willing to jointly implement projects such as the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway with China, and strengthen cooperation in energy, green minerals and other fields to better benefit the people of both countries. The Kyrgyz side actively supports the three major global initiatives put forth by President Xi Jinping and is willing to work with China to implement these initiatives, and enhance coordination and cooperation within the United Nations, the SCO, and the China-Central Asia mechanism, so as to promote security, stability, development and prosperity in the region and the world.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of multiple bilateral cooperation documents covering agriculture, customs, science and technology, media, and other fields.
Cai Qi, Wang Yi, and others were present at the above events.
Xi Jinping Meets with Tajik President Emomali Rahmon
June 17 (MFA) — On the morning of June 17, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Tajik President Emomali Rahmon on the sidelines of the second China-Central Asia Summit in Astana.
Xi Jinping noted that during his state visit to Tajikistan last year, he and Emomali Rahmon jointly announced the establishment of a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership in the new era between China and Tajikistan, and made new plans for cooperation across the board. He said that the two sides should speed up implementation and achieve more practical outcomes to build a high-quality China-Tajikistan community with a shared future.
Xi Jinping emphasized that China is a trustworthy neighbor and partner of Tajikistan and firmly supports Tajikistan in safeguarding its national independence, sovereignty and security. Both sides should leverage the role of the strategic dialogue mechanism between the two countries’ foreign ministers, and coordinate and advance cooperation in various fields. The two countries should expand bilateral trade and investment, speed up the construction of transportation infrastructure projects, and continuously enhance connectivity. Efforts should be made to give full play to the role of the Confucius Institutes, Luban Workshop and the Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, and organize well the “Chinese Culture Day” to be held this autumn in Tajikistan. Both sides should further strengthen law enforcement and security cooperation and step up efforts to crack down on the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism and extremism. China and Tajikistan share common interests in upholding multilateralism and defending international economic and trade order. Both countries should enhance coordination and collaboration within multilateral mechanisms including the China-Central Asia cooperation. China supports Tajikistan in playing an important role in global climate governance.
Emomali Rahmon said, under the strong leadership of President Xi Jinping, China has made major achievements in economic and social development, and played an important role in international affairs. President Xi Jinping’s historic state visit to Tajikistan last year has opened up new prospects for bilateral relations and elevated the strategic cooperation between Tajikistan and China to a new level. Both sides are actively implementing the outcomes of the visit while cooperation in various fields is flourishing. Tajikistan is willing to maintain close high-level exchanges with China and enhance strategic communication; strengthen cooperation in traditional fields such as trade, investment, agriculture and infrastructure development, and expand cooperation in emerging fields such as new energy, green industries and artificial intelligence; intensify people-to-people and cultural exchanges, and ensure the success of “Chinese Culture Day”; deepen cooperation on law enforcement and security; strengthen coordination and cooperation, and promote the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the China-Central Asia mechanism to play a greater role.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of multiple bilateral cooperation documents covering diplomacy, economy and trade, transportation, science and technology, and other fields.
Cai Qi, Wang Yi, and others were present at the above events.
Xi Jinping Meets with Turkmen President Serdar Berdimuhamedov
June 17 (MFA) — On the morning of June 17, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Turkmen President Serdar Berdimuhamedov on the sidelines of the second China-Central Asia Summit in Astana.
Xi Jinping noted that China and Turkmenistan enjoy solid political trust, strong desire for cooperation, and great complementarity. China is ready to work with Turkmenistan to fully unleash cooperation potential and comprehensively expand the depth, breadth and scale of bilateral cooperation based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation to build a China-Turkmenistan community with a shared future. Both sides should implement the strategic synergy between the Belt and Road Initiative and the initiative to revive the Great Silk Road, scale up natural gas cooperation, expand cooperation in non-resource fields, optimize trade structure, and enhance regional connectivity. On the basis of holding culture years in each other’s countries, the two sides should organize more people-to-people exchange events, accelerate the establishment of cultural centers in each other’s countries and promote people-to-people bonds. Both countries should further strengthen cooperation on law enforcement, security and defense, jointly combat the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism and extremism, and promote the level of cybersecurity cooperation.
Xi Jinping emphasized that China will stay committed to fostering an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood, and the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, and take high-quality Belt and Road cooperation as the main platform to work with neighboring countries, including Turkmenistan, to build a better future. China supports Turkmenistan’s accession to the World Trade Organization and its successful hosting of the Fifth Foreign Ministers’ Meeting among the Neighboring Countries of Afghanistan, and is glad to see Turkmenistan, as a permanently neutral country, play a greater constructive role in international affairs. China is ready to enhance coordination and cooperation with Turkmenistan on international and regional issues, jointly uphold the multilateral trading system and safeguard the common interests of the Global South.
Serdar Berdimuhamedov expressed his delight in meeting with President Xi Jinping during the China-Central Asia Summit, and expressed the belief that the summit will not only promote cooperation between Central Asian countries and China but also enhance bilateral cooperation between Turkmenistan and China. The comprehensive and in-depth development of Turkmenistan-China relations holds key strategic significance. Turkmenistan is willing to fully expand cooperation with China, increase natural gas exports to China, deepen cooperation in non-resource sectors such as machinery manufacturing and textiles, strengthen connectivity, promote people-to-people exchanges in education and culture, intensify law enforcement and security cooperation, and enhance coordination and cooperation with China on multilateral platforms such as the United Nations to uphold international fairness and justice.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of the intergovernmental economic and technical cooperation agreement between the two countries.
Cai Qi, Wang Yi, and others were present at the above events.
Xi Jinping Meets with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
June 17 (MFA) — On the morning of June 17, 2025 local time, President Xi Jinping met with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev on the sidelines of the second China-Central Asia Summit in Astana.
President Xi Jinping noted that last year, he and President Shavkat Mirziyoyev held meetings in Beijing and Astana respectively, and made strategic plans for the development of bilateral relations. China-Uzbekistan cooperation has been carried out across the board and with strong momentum. China is ready to align development strategies and experience sharing in governance with Uzbekistan, carry out more mutually beneficial cooperation projects to boost the development of both countries, and join hands to build a more substantive and dynamic China-Uzbekistan community with a shared future.
Xi Jinping emphasized that China and Uzbekistan should introduce more measures for trade liberalization and facilitation, expand the scale of bilateral trade and investment, and advance the high-quality construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway to foster a multidimensional connectivity network. The two sides should scale up practical cooperation in emerging areas such as artificial intelligence, new energy, smart agriculture, and public health. Both sides should actively promote the establishment of cultural centers in each other’s countries, ensure the success of the second Forum on Cooperation between 100 Universities, continuously strengthen cooperation in poverty reduction, and enhance people-to-people ties. The two sides should continue to deepen law enforcement and security cooperation, jointly combat the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism and extremism, and work hand in hand to address new threats and challenges, so as to safeguard regional peace and stability. Both countries should enhance coordination on multilateral platforms such as the China-Central Asia mechanism and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, jointly uphold international fairness and justice, and safeguard the global economic and trade order.
Shavkat Mirziyoyev said that President Xi Jinping is an outstanding statesman in the world, who has led China in implementing highly effective domestic and foreign policies, achieving remarkable results in economic and social development. China’s economy has become a key engine of the global economy. No major issue in today’s world can be resolved without China’s efforts. He described Uzbekistan and China as close as brothers, adding that frequent exchanges at all levels and robust cooperation in various fields have brought bilateral relations to the highest level in history. Uzbekistan cherishes its friendly relations with China and appreciates China’s long-standing, selfless support for Uzbekistan’s economic and social development. Uzbekistan will remain firm in its commitment to the one-China principle. Uzbekistan is willing to strengthen exchanges with China on governance experience, and learn from China’s successful experience in poverty alleviation. Uzbekistan also seeks to expand the scale of trade and investment, strengthen cooperation in high and new technology, connectivity, agriculture, green energy and other sectors, and promote the high-quality development of bilateral relations. Uzbekistan is ready to strengthen law enforcement and security cooperation with China and resolutely combat the “three forces” of terrorism, separatism and extremism. The Uzbek side highly appreciates the three major global initiatives put forth by President Xi Jinping, which carry significant relevance in today’s world. Uzbekistan is willing to work closely with China to implement these initiatives, jointly uphold the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, safeguard international fairness and justice, and advance the cause of progress in world peace and development.
The two heads of state exchanged views on the current situation in the Middle East. Xi Jinping stated that Israel’s military action against Iran has sharply escalated tensions in the Middle East, and China is deeply concerned about this. China opposes any actions that infringe upon the sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity of other countries. Military conflict is not the way to solve problems, and the escalation of regional situations is not in the common interests of the international community. All parties should work to de-escalate the conflict as soon as possible and avoid further escalation of the tensions. China is ready to work with all parties to play a constructive role in restoring peace and stability in the Middle East.
After the meeting, the two heads of state jointly witnessed the announcement and signing of a bilateral protocol regarding Uzbekistan’s accession to the World Trade Organization.
Cai Qi, Wang Yi, and others were present at the above events.
China, Central Asian countries sign Astana Declaration
June 17 (CGTN) — China and Central Asian countries agreed to deepen cooperation in key sectors, such as agriculture and energy, according to a joint declaration released on Tuesday.
The six countries – China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan – made the commitment in the Astana Declaration of the China-Central Asia Summit.
The countries affirmed their commitment to further tapping the potential of agricultural cooperation. China welcomes the efforts of Central Asian countries to enhance the visibility of their agricultural products through major exhibitions, such as the China International Import Expo.
They expressed their willingness to develop smart agriculture, and enhance the application of water-saving, green and other efficient technologies, as well as the exchange of advanced experience.
The countries also affirmed their commitment to promoting technological and talent exchanges and cooperation in areas such as the management and development of desertified and saline-alkali lands.
They support the establishment of a China-Central Asia energy development partnership to expand cooperation across the entire energy industry chains, further expand cooperation in traditional energy fields such as petroleum, natural gas and coal, strengthen cooperation in clean energy such as hydropower, solar energy, wind energy and hydrogen energy, and deepen cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy, the declaration read.
Upholding multilateralism
China and Central Asian countries agreed to firmly uphold multilateralism, universally recognized international law and the basic norms governing international relations.
The countries reiterated their commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and to respecting each other’s independence, equality, sovereignty and territorial integrity.
They also agreed to promote a more just and equitable international order by advancing an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.
China and Central Asian countries vowed to safeguard the indispensable role of the UN in safeguarding international peace, security and sustainable development, championing the common values of humanity – peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom – and opposing the politicization of human rights and other related issues, the declaration read.
Combating terrorism, separatism and extremism
China and the five Central Asian countries agreed to jointly combat terrorism, separatism, and extremism and strongly condemn all forms of the three forces, according to the declaration.
The countries also pledged to combat threats such as cross-border infiltration by terrorist forces, drug smuggling, transnational organized crime, and cybercrime to ensure the smooth and stable progress of cooperation projects and jointly respond to security threats, the document said.
They agreed that a stable, developing and prosperous Central Asia is in the common interests of the people of the six countries and the wider international community.
The countries stand ready to work with the international community to help the Afghan people maintain peace and stability, rebuild social infrastructure, and integrate into the regional and world economic systems.
They also support building Afghanistan into a peaceful, stable and prosperous country free from the threats of terrorism and drugs.
Central Asia and China Reach Eternal Strategic Partnership, Says President Tokayev
ASTANA, June 17 (Astana Times) – President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev declared that ties between Central Asia and China have reached the level of an eternal and comprehensive strategic partnership as he addressed the second Central Asia-China summit on June 17 in Astana, reported Akorda.
According to Tokayev, the combined GDP of the Central Asian region is approaching the half-trillion-dollar mark. Intraregional trade has surpassed $10 billion over the past five years. In 2024, China accounted for nearly 40% of Central Asia’s foreign trade, totaling a record $95 billion. Kazakhstan alone contributed nearly $44 billion to this figure.
Nearly 5,000 enterprises with Chinese capital are operating in the country, and total Chinese investment in Kazakhstan has surpassed $26 billion. Tokayev emphasized the importance of establishing joint ventures with China, expanding the range of goods, and increasing exports of in-demand products.
“We place high hopes on launching high-tech fourth-stage production facilities that make high-value products. We consider cooperation in agriculture to be extremely important, including the introduction of advanced agricultural technologies and effective water-saving developments,” Tokayev said.
“We count on the participation of Chinese companies in localizing agro-industrial complex production. The Khorgos International Center for Cross-Border Cooperation is designed to give a new impetus to economic cooperation between our countries,” he added.
The President noted that, in the current geopolitical landscape, ensuring reliable and secure supply routes is a strategic imperative for all countries.
He stressed that Central Asia is becoming a key logistics hub linking the largest regions of Asia and Europe. In 2024, the total volume of cargo transportation from China through Central Asian countries exceeded 211,000 containers, representing a 12% increase. Kazakhstan accounts for 85% of all land transportation from China to Europe.
Introducing the first link of the Belt and Road Initiative, Kazakhstan advocates for its connection with the key transport corridors of Western China-Western Europe, the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), and the North-South route.
Kazakhstan is also modernizing and digitizing its Caspian Sea ports, building cargo terminals, and establishing a production line for transport vessels to increase the attractiveness of the TITR. Tokayev proposed creating a joint cargo terminal with China at the port of Kuryk.
He named cooperation in the energy sector as a key factor in regional sustainability. Central Asia holds 20% of the world’s uranium reserves, over 17% of oil, and 7% of natural gas, alongside impressive deposits of rare earth metals.
“Given the rich, successful experience of China in nuclear energy, we are interested in developing sustainable cooperation in this strategic area. We will prepare to sign the agreement in the very near future,” Tokayev added.
Tokayev praised Chinese President Xi Jinping’s initiative to create a “community of common destiny of neighboring countries.”
He called for enhanced collaboration on security threats such as extremism, terrorism, separatism, drug trafficking, illegal arms trade, migration, and human trafficking, advocating for Central Asia to become the “epicenter of peace, sustainable security and productive interaction.”
Tokayev highly appreciated the dynamics of cultural and humanitarian cooperation, identifying the opening of joint cultural centers, the development of the creative industry and tourism as important steps in this direction.
He welcomed the launch of a new Xi’an-Almaty tourist train and proposed declaring 2026 the Year of Education and Scientific Research to stimulate humanitarian cooperation.
Tokayev also pointed to the development of a long-term strategy for the Central Asia-China format for 2026-2030.
Chinese President Xi Jinping, Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov, Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, Turkmen President Serdar Berdimuhamedov, and Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev also addressed the summit.
Following the event, the heads of state signed the Astana Declaration of the second Central Asia-China summit and the Treaty on Eternal Good-Neighbourliness, Friendship, and Cooperation.
China, Central Asia Sign Treaty, Outline New Paths for Cooperation
ASTANA, June 18 (Astana Times) – The second Central Asia-China summit concluded on June 17 with the signing of the Treaty on Eternal Good-Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation, marking a significant step in strengthening mutual trust and strategic cooperation between the five Central Asian states and China.
The summit established new benchmarks for advancing relations among the six countries and outlined new approaches to expanding comprehensive cooperation. These include deepening trade, strengthening centuries-old ties, adopting a biennial theme initiative, increasing the number of sister cities, and deepening international collaboration.
Since the first China-Central Asia summit held in Xi’an in 2023, the trade between China and Central Asian countries has surged by 35%, reaching a historic high of nearly $100 billion last year. The number of joint ventures and projects has also surpassed 10,000, underscoring deepening economic ties across the region.
Addressing the guests, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev welcomed the leaders in Astana. He declared Central Asia and China have reached a level of eternal strategic partnership.
Chinese vision
Chinese President Xi Jinping attended the high-level talks, stating that a comprehensive structure of cooperation in the Central Asia-China format has been established.
Xi announced that China will provide a 1.5 billion yuan (US$208 million) grant this year to support key projects aimed at enhancing public welfare and advancing their development goals in the five Central Asian countries.
“China and Central Asian countries have explored and formed the China-Central Asia spirit, which features mutual respect, mutual trust, mutual benefit, mutual assistance, and the pursuit of common modernization through high-quality development,” said Xi.
Regional and global security were high on the summit agenda.
“China supports the efforts of Central Asian countries to modernize law enforcement and security. It is ready to assist the five countries in combating terrorism and transnational organized crime, as well as in ensuring cybersecurity,” Xi said.
“China supports the growing role of Central Asia in international affairs. It is ready to strengthen efforts with all partners in building international justice, opposing hegemonism and power politics,” he added.
Kyrgyz Republic
Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov outlined six key areas for deepening the strategic partnership with China that include transport and transit connectivity, energy, finance and e-commerce, education and science, tourism, and security.
He highlighted the development of Kyrgyzstan’s transit potential as a top national priority.
“First of all, I would like to note the importance of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway project, which is currently under active construction. This transport corridor, which is a key element of the Belt and Road Initiative, has become a real bridge between countries, uniting markets and contributing to the strengthening of economic and cultural integration throughout the region,” Zhaparov said.
Emphasizing the strong tourism potential between Central Asia and China, Zhaparov proposed the initiative to develop tourist routes along the ancient Silk Road, describing the initiative as “highly promising.”
Tajikistan
According to President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon, economic cooperation serves as an important element of close ties between Central Asian countries and China.
“Using our resources and comparative advantages, we could expand cooperation in the fields of energy and industry, as well as in the transport, communications, and agricultural sectors,” said President Rahmon.
In his address, President Rahmon also emphasized the critical importance of glacier preservation and highlighted Tajikistan’s initiative to host a High-Level International Conference on Glaciers Preservation in May.
“Our constructive work in the field of sustainable development has laid a solid foundation for promoting the Dushanbe Process on glacier conservation. We consider it necessary to ensure the implementation of the decisions adopted at the conference on glacier conservation, which was recently held in Dushanbe,” he said.
Turkmenistan
President of Turkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedov highlighted the growing role of the Central Asian region in international geopolitics.
“The Central Asian states and China are key players in continental and regional processes. Our cooperation in the political and diplomatic sphere has a constructive impact on the entire geopolitical landscape in Asia. It contributes to the creation of conditions for sustainable and long-term peace, stability, and security. This is fully evident in areas such as the fight against extremism, separatism, and new threats,” said Berdimuhamedov.
At the same time, the potential for cooperation is much broader. “Given the current global situation, we suggest paying attention to Turkmenistan’s initiative to develop a global security strategy under the auspices of the UN,” said President Berdimuhamedov.
According to him, the strategy should include preventive diplomacy as a tool for neutralizing conflicts and using the neutrality for the peaceful, political, and diplomatic settlement of disputes.
Uzbekistan
President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev expressed his support for the agenda and the documents prepared, including the Astana Declaration.
“I welcome the launch of joint centers for desertification prevention, cooperation in education, poverty reduction, and the Central Asia-China Uninterrupted Trade Platform. Undoubtedly, these mechanisms will contribute to the expansion of practical cooperation between our countries. Uzbekistan intends to actively participate in the organization and development of its activities,” said Mirziyoyev.
He noted that amid rising global tensions, regional mechanisms play an increasingly vital role in uniting countries and promoting a more stable international order.
“In this regard, I consider today’s adoption of the Treaty on Eternal Good-Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation between our countries to be a historic event. This document will become a common contribution to ensuring regional stability. In developing the treaty, it is important to adopt the concept of our long-term partnership, including specific mechanisms and projects in it,” said the Uzbek President.
Trade, investment, and technological partnerships are powerful drivers in the implementation of socio-economic development strategies in all Central Asian countries, according to him.
“I emphasize: the combination of the growing potential of Central Asian countries and China’s industrial leadership should lead to the creation of a common space of great opportunities with effective mechanisms for knowledge exchange and technology transfer,” said Mirziyoyev.
